Leviticus 23:42

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 23:42 et habitabitis in umbraculis septem diebus. omnis, qui de genere est Israel, manebit in tabernaculis:

and you shall dwell in booths seven days. Everyone, who is of the stock of Israel, shall remain in booths;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 habitabitis you shall dwell 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
3 in in PREP+ABL
4 umbraculis booths ABL.PL.N
5 septem seven INVAR.NUM
6 diebus days ABL.PL.M
7 omnis everyone NOM.SG.M.ADJ
8 qui who NOM.SG.M.REL
9 de from PREP+ABL
10 genere stock ABL.SG.N
11 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
12 Israel Israel INDECL.PROP
13 manebit shall remain 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
14 in in PREP+ABL
15 tabernaculis booths ABL.PL.N

Syntax

Main Command: habitabitis — legislative future issuing the obligation to dwell.
Locative Phrase: in umbraculis — preposition with ablative indicating place of dwelling.
Duration: septem diebus — ablative of time specifying length.
General Rule: omnis qui de genere est Israel — substantive adjective with relative clause defining the subject class.
Obligatory Result: manebit in tabernaculis — future indicative prescribing continued residence.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Connects this command to the preceding instruction.
  2. habitabitis — Lemma: habito; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: main command; Translation: “you shall dwell”; Notes: Legislative future expressing obligation.
  3. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: place where; Translation: “in”; Notes: Indicates location.
  4. umbraculis — Lemma: umbraculum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: object of in; Translation: “booths”; Notes: Temporary shelters used for the festival.
  5. septem — Lemma: septem; Part of Speech: Numeral; Form: invariable; Function: modifies diebus; Translation: “seven”; Notes: Fixed ritual duration.
  6. diebus — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: ablative of time; Translation: “days”; Notes: Specifies length of observance.
  7. omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective used substantively; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: “everyone”; Notes: Collective singular covering all individuals.
  8. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces defining clause.
  9. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: origin; Translation: “from”; Notes: Expresses lineage.
  10. genere — Lemma: genus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: object of de; Translation: “stock”; Notes: Denotes family line or descent.
  11. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: “is”; Notes: Links subject and predicate.
  12. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: predicate genitive sense; Translation: “Israel”; Notes: The covenant people.
  13. manebit — Lemma: maneo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: prescribed action; Translation: “shall remain”; Notes: Continues the obligation for each individual.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: place where; Translation: “in”; Notes: Repeats locative emphasis.
  15. tabernaculis — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: object of in; Translation: “booths”; Notes: Synonymous with umbracula, reinforcing the dwelling requirement.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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