Leviticus 25:3

Posted on April 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

3 Sex annis seres agrum tuum, et sex annis putabis vineam tuam, colligesque fructus eius:

For six years you shall sow your field, and for six years you shall prune your vineyard, and you shall gather its produce;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sex six INDECL.NUM
2 annis years ABL.PL.M.2ND.DECL
3 seres you will sow 2SG.FUT.IND.ACT
4 agrum field ACC.SG.M.2ND.DECL
5 tuum your ACC.SG.M.POSS
6 et and CONJ
7 sex six INDECL.NUM
8 annis years ABL.PL.M.2ND.DECL
9 putabis you will prune 2SG.FUT.IND.ACT
10 vineam vineyard ACC.SG.F.1ST.DECL
11 tuam your ACC.SG.F.POSS
12 colligesque and you will gather 2SG.FUT.IND.ACT
13 fructus produce ACC.PL.M.4TH.DECL
14 eius its GEN.SG.PERS

Syntax

Main Clause 1: seres (verb) + agrum tuum (direct object) with sex annis as an ablative of time.
Main Clause 2: putabis (verb) + vineam tuam (direct object), again qualified by sex annis.
Coordinated Clause: colligesque (verb with enclitic conjunction) + fructus eius (direct object with possessive genitive).

Morphology

  1. Sex — Lemma: sex; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: quantifies annis; Translation: six; Notes: Used adverbially with a time expression to mark duration.
  2. annis — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine, second declension; Function: ablative of time during which; Translation: years; Notes: Indicates the repeated span over which the agricultural activity occurs.
  3. seres — Lemma: sero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb of the first clause; Translation: you will sow; Notes: Future tense expresses commanded or prescribed practice.
  4. agrum — Lemma: ager; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, second declension; Function: direct object of seres; Translation: field; Notes: Refers to cultivated land intended for sowing.
  5. tuum — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies agrum; Translation: your; Notes: Personalizes the obligation to each addressed member of Israel.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Links parallel agricultural commands.
  7. sex — Lemma: sex; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: quantifies the second occurrence of annis; Translation: six; Notes: Repetition reinforces the fixed sabbatical rhythm.
  8. annis — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine, second declension; Function: ablative of time; Translation: years; Notes: Parallels the first time expression for symmetry.
  9. putabis — Lemma: puto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb of the second clause; Translation: you will prune; Notes: Agricultural verb specifically associated with vineyard maintenance.
  10. vineam — Lemma: vinea; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, first declension; Function: direct object of putabis; Translation: vineyard; Notes: Complements agrum, covering both field and vine cultivation.
  11. tuam — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies vineam; Translation: your; Notes: Maintains parallel possessive structure with agrum tuum.
  12. colligesque — Lemma: colligo; Part of Speech: verb with enclitic conjunction; Form: second person singular future indicative active with -que; Function: coordinates a resulting action; Translation: and you will gather; Notes: The enclitic -que tightly binds this action to the preceding cultivation commands.
  13. fructus — Lemma: fructus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine, fourth declension; Function: direct object of colliges; Translation: produce; Notes: Encompasses the yield resulting from both sowing and pruning.
  14. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: genitive singular; Function: possessive genitive modifying fructus; Translation: its; Notes: Refers back collectively to the cultivated land and vineyard.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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