Leviticus 26:39

Posted on April 26, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

39 Quod si et de iis aliqui remanserint, tabescent in iniquitatibus suis, in terra inimicorum suorum, et propter peccata patrum suorum et sua affligentur:

But if even of these some shall remain, they will waste away in their iniquities in the land of their enemies, and because of the sins of their fathers and their own they will be afflicted;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quod but if CONJ
2 si if CONJ
3 et even ADV
4 de of PREP+ABL
5 iis these ABL.PL.DEM.PRON
6 aliqui some NOM.PL.M.INDEF
7 remanserint shall have remained 3PL.FUTP.SUBJ.ACT
8 tabescent they will waste away 3PL.FUT.IND.ACT
9 in in PREP+ABL
10 iniquitatibus iniquities ABL.PL.F.3RD.DECL
11 suis their own ABL.PL.F.POSS.ADJ
12 in in PREP+ABL
13 terra land ABL.SG.F.1ST.DECL
14 inimicorum of enemies GEN.PL.M.3RD.DECL
15 suorum their GEN.PL.M.POSS.ADJ
16 et and CONJ
17 propter because of PREP+ACC
18 peccata sins ACC.PL.N.2ND.DECL
19 patrum of fathers GEN.PL.M.2ND.DECL
20 suorum their GEN.PL.M.POSS.ADJ
21 et and CONJ
22 sua their own ACC.PL.N.POSS.ADJ
23 affligentur they will be afflicted 3PL.FUT.IND.PASS

Syntax

Conditional Protasis: Quod si et de iis aliqui remanserint — conditional clause with future perfect subjunctive identifying a remnant.
Main Clause: tabescent in iniquitatibus suis — future indicative describing gradual internal decay.
Locative Sphere: in terra inimicorum suorum — ablative phrase locating the judgment in hostile exile.
Causal Extension: propter peccata patrum suorum et sua — prepositional phrase expressing inherited and personal guilt.
Passive Outcome: affligentur — future passive indicating suffering imposed rather than chosen.

Morphology

  1. Quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: conditional connector; Translation: but if; Notes: Introduces a further hypothetical outcome.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: condition; Translation: if; Notes: Marks contingency.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: intensifier; Translation: even; Notes: Heightens the improbability of survival.
  4. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: partitive source; Translation: of; Notes: Indicates a subset from a larger group.
  5. iis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative plural; Function: object of de; Translation: these; Notes: Refers to those already judged.
  6. aliqui — Lemma: aliqui; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: some; Notes: Introduces a minimal remnant.
  7. remanserint — Lemma: remaneo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of the conditional clause; Translation: shall have remained; Notes: Survival after catastrophe.
  8. tabescent — Lemma: tabesco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: they will waste away; Notes: Conveys slow moral and physical decay.
  9. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: sphere; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates the condition in which decay occurs.
  10. iniquitatibus — Lemma: iniquitas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine, third declension; Function: object of in; Translation: iniquities; Notes: Moral causes of decline.
  11. suis — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: modifies iniquitatibus; Translation: their own; Notes: Stresses personal responsibility.
  12. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: Introduces geographical context.
  13. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine, first declension; Function: object of in; Translation: land; Notes: The place of exile.
  14. inimicorum — Lemma: inimicus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine, second declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of enemies; Notes: Hostile owners of the land.
  15. suorum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies inimicorum; Translation: their; Notes: Personalizes the hostility.
  16. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins ancestral and personal guilt.
  17. propter — Lemma: propter; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: cause; Translation: because of; Notes: Introduces causal explanation.
  18. peccata — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter, second declension; Function: object of propter; Translation: sins; Notes: Moral failures bringing judgment.
  19. patrum — Lemma: pater; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine, third declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of fathers; Notes: Ancestral wrongdoing.
  20. suorum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies patrum; Translation: their; Notes: Links ancestry to the present group.
  21. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Adds personal guilt.
  22. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: modifies peccata implicitly; Translation: their own; Notes: Indicates individual responsibility.
  23. affligentur — Lemma: affligo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future indicative passive; Function: main verb; Translation: they will be afflicted; Notes: Suffering imposed as consequence.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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