Leviticus 26:35

Posted on April 26, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

35 in terra hostili, sabbatizabit, et requiescet in sabbatis solitudinis suæ, eo quod non requieverit in sabbatis vestris quando habitabatis in ea.

in the hostile land it shall keep sabbath and shall rest in the sabbaths of its desolation, because it did not rest in your sabbaths when you were dwelling in it.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 in in PREP+ABL
2 terra land ABL.SG.F.1ST.DECL
3 hostili hostile ABL.SG.F.ADJ
4 sabbatizabit it shall keep sabbath 3SG.FUT.IND.ACT
5 et and CONJ
6 requiescet it shall rest 3SG.FUT.IND.ACT
7 in in PREP+ABL
8 sabbatis sabbaths ABL.PL.N.2ND.DECL
9 solitudinis of desolation GEN.SG.F.3RD.DECL
10 suæ its GEN.SG.F.POSS.ADJ
11 eo for this reason ABL.SG.N.DEM.PRON
12 quod because CONJ
13 non not ADV
14 requieverit it rested 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
15 in in PREP+ABL
16 sabbatis sabbaths ABL.PL.N.2ND.DECL
17 vestris your ABL.PL.N.POSS.ADJ
18 quando when CONJ
19 habitabatis you were dwelling 2PL.IMP.IND.ACT
20 in in PREP+ABL
21 ea it ABL.SG.F.DEM.PRON

Syntax

Locative Setting: in terra hostili — ablative of place describing the context of exile.
Main Clause: sabbatizabit et requiescet — coordinated future indicatives personifying the land as finally observing sabbath rest.
Sphere of Rest: in sabbatis solitudinis suæ — prepositional phrase defining the kind of sabbath enforced by desolation.
Causal Explanation: eo quod non requieverit in sabbatis vestris — causal construction explaining the enforced rest as compensation for prior neglect.
Temporal Qualification: quando habitabatis in ea — temporal clause anchoring guilt in the period of occupation.

Morphology

  1. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: Introduces the exilic setting.
  2. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine, first declension; Function: object of in; Translation: land; Notes: Refers back to the covenant land now abandoned.
  3. hostili — Lemma: hostilis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies terra; Translation: hostile; Notes: Characterizes the land of exile.
  4. sabbatizabit — Lemma: sabbatizo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: it shall keep sabbath; Notes: Rare verb expressing sabbath observance applied to the land.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links two rest actions.
  6. requiescet — Lemma: requiesco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: coordinated verb; Translation: it shall rest; Notes: Emphasizes enforced cessation.
  7. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: sphere; Translation: in; Notes: Introduces the domain of rest.
  8. sabbatis — Lemma: sabbatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter, second declension; Function: object of in; Translation: sabbaths; Notes: Periods of mandated rest.
  9. solitudinis — Lemma: solitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine, third declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of desolation; Notes: Qualifies the nature of these sabbaths.
  10. suæ — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies solitudinis; Translation: its; Notes: Reflexive reference to the land.
  11. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: ablative of cause; Translation: for this reason; Notes: Introduces causal explanation.
  12. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: causal conjunction; Translation: because; Notes: Explains the reason for enforced rest.
  13. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Negates the prior action.
  14. requieverit — Lemma: requiesco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of causal clause; Translation: it rested; Notes: Refers to the land’s past non-observance.
  15. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: sphere; Translation: in; Notes: Introduces the violated sabbaths.
  16. sabbatis — Lemma: sabbatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter, second declension; Function: object of in; Translation: sabbaths; Notes: Refers to commanded rest times.
  17. vestris — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: modifies sabbatis; Translation: your; Notes: Places responsibility on the people.
  18. quando — Lemma: quando; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: temporal conjunction; Translation: when; Notes: Introduces time of neglect.
  19. habitabatis — Lemma: habito; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural imperfect indicative active; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: you were dwelling; Notes: Describes prolonged past occupation.
  20. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates place of dwelling.
  21. ea — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: it; Notes: Refers back to the land.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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