Leviticus 26:43

Posted on April 26, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

43 quæ cum relicta fuerit ab eis, complacebit sibi in sabbatis suis, patiens solitudinem propter illos. Ipsi vero rogabunt pro peccatis suis, eo quod abiecerint iudicia mea, et leges meas despexerint.

which, when it has been left by them, will take pleasure in its sabbaths, enduring desolation on their account. But they themselves will entreat because of their sins, because they cast aside my judgments and despised my laws.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 quæ which NOM.SG.F.REL.PRON
2 cum when CONJ
3 relicta having been left NOM.SG.F.PERF.PTCP.PASS
4 fuerit will have been 3SG.FUTP.SUBJ.ACT
5 ab by PREP+ABL
6 eis them ABL.PL.PERS.PRON
7 complacebit will take pleasure 3SG.FUT.IND.ACT
8 sibi for itself DAT.SG.REFL.PRON
9 in in PREP+ABL
10 sabbatis sabbaths ABL.PL.N.2ND.DECL
11 suis its own ABL.PL.N.POSS.ADJ
12 patiens enduring NOM.SG.F.PTCP.PRES.ACT
13 solitudinem desolation ACC.SG.F.3RD.DECL
14 propter because of PREP+ACC
15 illos them ACC.PL.M.DEM.PRON
16 Ipsi they themselves NOM.PL.M.DEM.PRON
17 vero however ADV
18 rogabunt will entreat 3PL.FUT.IND.ACT
19 pro for PREP+ABL
20 peccatis sins ABL.PL.N.2ND.DECL
21 suis their own ABL.PL.N.POSS.ADJ
22 eo for this reason ABL.SG.N.DEM.PRON
23 quod because CONJ
24 abiecerint they cast aside 3PL.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
25 iudicia judgments ACC.PL.N.2ND.DECL
26 mea my ACC.PL.N.POSS.ADJ
27 et and CONJ
28 leges laws ACC.PL.F.3RD.DECL
29 meas my ACC.PL.F.POSS.ADJ
30 despexerint they despised 3PL.PERF.SUBJ.ACT

Syntax

Relative Clause: quæ cum relicta fuerit ab eis — relative clause with temporal cum and future perfect subjunctive describing abandonment of the land.
Main Result: complacebit sibi in sabbatis suis — future indicative expressing the land’s satisfaction in enforced rest.
Participial Expansion: patiens solitudinem propter illos — present participle describing the manner and cause of that rest.
Adversative Shift: Ipsi vero rogabunt — contrastive subject introducing human response.
Causal Explanation: eo quod abiecerint iudicia mea et leges meas despexerint — causal clause explaining the grounds of repentance.

Morphology

  1. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to the land previously mentioned.
  2. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: temporal; Translation: when; Notes: Introduces a time circumstance.
  3. relicta — Lemma: relinquo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular feminine perfect passive participle; Function: modifies quæ; Translation: having been left; Notes: Indicates abandonment.
  4. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect subjunctive active; Function: auxiliary; Translation: will have been; Notes: Completes the perfect passive sense.
  5. ab — Lemma: ab; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: agency; Translation: by; Notes: Identifies the agents of abandonment.
  6. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: ablative plural; Function: object of ab; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to the people.
  7. complacebit — Lemma: complaceo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: will take pleasure; Notes: Anthropomorphic satisfaction of the land.
  8. sibi — Lemma: se; Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: for itself; Notes: Reflexive reference to the land.
  9. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: sphere; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates the domain of pleasure.
  10. sabbatis — Lemma: sabbatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter, second declension; Function: object of in; Translation: sabbaths; Notes: Periods of rest.
  11. suis — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: modifies sabbatis; Translation: its own; Notes: Reflexive possession.
  12. patiens — Lemma: patior; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular feminine present active participle; Function: circumstantial modifier; Translation: enduring; Notes: Expresses ongoing condition.
  13. solitudinem — Lemma: solitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, third declension; Function: direct object of patiens; Translation: desolation; Notes: The cost of rest.
  14. propter — Lemma: propter; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: cause; Translation: because of; Notes: Introduces responsibility.
  15. illos — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of propter; Translation: them; Notes: Points to the people as cause.
  16. Ipsi — Lemma: ipse; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: emphatic subject; Translation: they themselves; Notes: Stresses personal involvement.
  17. vero — Lemma: vero; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: adversative; Translation: however; Notes: Marks contrast.
  18. rogabunt — Lemma: rogo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: will entreat; Notes: Petition arising from repentance.
  19. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: cause; Translation: for; Notes: Indicates the matter of prayer.
  20. peccatis — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter, second declension; Function: object of pro; Translation: sins; Notes: Moral failures confessed.
  21. suis — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: modifies peccatis; Translation: their own; Notes: Personal guilt acknowledged.
  22. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: ablative of cause; Translation: for this reason; Notes: Introduces explanation.
  23. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: causal; Translation: because; Notes: Explains the grounds of guilt.
  24. abiecerint — Lemma: abicio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of causal clause; Translation: they cast aside; Notes: Willful rejection.
  25. iudicia — Lemma: iudicium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter, second declension; Function: direct object; Translation: judgments; Notes: Divine legal decisions.
  26. mea — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: modifies iudicia; Translation: my; Notes: Identifies divine origin.
  27. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins parallel objects.
  28. leges — Lemma: lex; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: laws; Notes: Covenant stipulations.
  29. meas — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies leges; Translation: my; Notes: Divine ownership emphasized.
  30. despexerint — Lemma: despicio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of causal clause; Translation: they despised; Notes: Contemptuous rejection.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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