Numeri 5:19 (Numbers 5:19)

Posted on May 2, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 5:19 adiurabitque eam, et dicet: Si non dormivit vir alienus tecum, et si non polluta es deserto mariti thoro, non te nocebunt aquæ istæ amarissimæ, in quas maledicta congessi.

And he shall adjure her, and he shall say: “If a strange man has not slept with you, and if you have not been defiled, having deserted the bed of your husband, these most bitter waters, into which I have gathered curses, shall not harm you.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 adiurabitque and he shall adjure 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
2 eam her ACC.SG.F
3 et and CONJ
4 dicet he shall say 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
5 Si if CONJ
6 non not ADV
7 dormivit has slept 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
8 vir man NOM.SG.M
9 alienus strange NOM.SG.M
10 tecum with you PERS
11 et and CONJ
12 si if CONJ
13 non not ADV
14 polluta defiled PTCP.PERF.NOM.SG.F
15 es you are 2SG.PRES.ACT.IND
16 deserto having deserted PTCP.PERF.ABL.SG.M
17 mariti of the husband GEN.SG.M
18 thoro bed ABL.SG.M
19 non not ADV
20 te you ACC.SG
21 nocebunt shall harm 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
22 aquæ waters NOM.PL.F
23 istæ these NOM.PL.F.DEM
24 amarissimæ most bitter NOM.PL.F.SUPER
25 in into PREP+ACC
26 quas which ACC.PL.F.REL
27 maledicta curses ACC.PL.N
28 congessi I have gathered 1SG.PERF.ACT.IND

Syntax

Main Clause: adiurabit eam and dicet are coordinated verbs with an implied singular subject (the priest).

Conditional Clause 1: Si non dormivit vir alienus tecum, with vir alienus as subject and dormivit as verb.

Conditional Clause 2: et si non polluta es, with polluta es forming a passive construction.

Ablative Phrase: deserto mariti thoro expresses circumstance or condition, indicating abandonment of the marital bed.

Main Result Clause: non te nocebunt aquæ istæ amarissimæ, with aquæ as subject and nocebunt as verb.

Relative Clause: in quas maledicta congessi modifies aquæ.

Morphology

  1. adiurabitque — Lemma: adiuro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative, 1st conjugation, with enclitic -que; Function: main verb; Translation: and he shall adjure; Notes: introduces solemn oath procedure.
  2. eam — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: her; Notes: refers to woman.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links verbs; Translation: and; Notes: continues action.
  4. dicet — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative, 3rd conjugation; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall say; Notes: introduces oath formula.
  5. Si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces condition; Translation: if; Notes: sets legal condition.
  6. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates dormivit; Translation: not; Notes: denial.
  7. dormivit — Lemma: dormio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative, 4th conjugation; Function: verb; Translation: has slept; Notes: denotes completed act.
  8. vir — Lemma: vir; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: man; Notes: external party.
  9. alienus — Lemma: alienus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies vir; Translation: strange; Notes: not husband.
  10. tecum — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: personal pronoun with enclitic; Form: ablative singular with -cum; Function: complement of dormivit; Translation: with you; Notes: standard enclitic form.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links conditions; Translation: and; Notes: connects clauses.
  12. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces second condition; Translation: if; Notes: parallel structure.
  13. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates polluta es; Translation: not; Notes: denial.
  14. polluta — Lemma: polluo; Part of Speech: verb (participle); Form: perfect passive participle nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate; Translation: defiled; Notes: moral impurity.
  15. es — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: you are; Notes: forms passive construction.
  16. deserto — Lemma: desero; Part of Speech: verb (participle); Form: perfect participle ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: having deserted; Notes: indicates condition.
  17. mariti — Lemma: maritus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies thoro; Translation: of the husband; Notes: identifies relation.
  18. thoro — Lemma: thorus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, 2nd declension; Function: completes ablative phrase; Translation: bed; Notes: marital context.
  19. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates nocebunt; Translation: not; Notes: denial of effect.
  20. te — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: object; Translation: you; Notes: direct object.
  21. nocebunt — Lemma: noceo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future active indicative, 2nd conjugation; Function: main verb; Translation: shall harm; Notes: governs dative normally but here takes object.
  22. aquæ — Lemma: aqua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject; Translation: waters; Notes: ritual element.
  23. istæ — Lemma: iste; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: modifies aquæ; Translation: these; Notes: demonstrative emphasis.
  24. amarissimæ — Lemma: amarus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural feminine superlative; Function: modifies aquæ; Translation: most bitter; Notes: superlative intensity.
  25. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: takes the accusative; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: into; Notes: direction.
  26. quas — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: which; Notes: refers to waters.
  27. maledicta — Lemma: maledictum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of congessi; Translation: curses; Notes: ritual content.
  28. congessi — Lemma: congero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular perfect active indicative, 3rd conjugation; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: I have gathered; Notes: priest speaking in first person.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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