Numeri 5:24 (Numbers 5:24)

Posted on May 2, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 5:24 et dabit ei bibere. Quas cum exhauserit,

and he shall give her to drink. And when she shall have drained them,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 dabit he shall give 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
3 ei to her DAT.SG.F
4 bibere to drink PRES.ACT.INF
5 Quas which ACC.PL.F.REL
6 cum when CONJ
7 exhauserit shall have drained 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND

Syntax

Main Clause: et dabit ei bibere, with dabit as the verb, ei as the indirect object, and bibere as a complementary infinitive expressing the action given.

Temporal Clause: Quas cum exhauserit, where quas refers to the waters and exhauserit is the verb, indicating a completed action prior to the next step.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links clause; Translation: and; Notes: continues sequence of ritual actions.
  2. dabit — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative, 1st conjugation; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall give; Notes: expresses formal action of administering drink.
  3. ei — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular feminine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to her; Notes: recipient of the action.
  4. bibere — Lemma: bibo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive, 3rd conjugation; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: to drink; Notes: expresses purpose or action given.
  5. Quas — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of exhauserit; Translation: which; Notes: refers to the waters previously mentioned.
  6. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: when; Notes: indicates sequence in ritual.
  7. exhauserit — Lemma: exhaurio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative, 4th conjugation; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: shall have drained; Notes: indicates completion of drinking.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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