Numeri 5:31 (Numbers 5:31)

Posted on May 2, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 5:31 maritus absque culpa erit, et illa recipiet iniquitatem suam.

the husband shall be without fault, and she shall bear her iniquity.’”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 maritus husband NOM.SG.M
2 absque without PREP+ABL
3 culpa fault ABL.SG.F
4 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
5 et and CONJ
6 illa she NOM.SG.F.DEM
7 recipiet shall receive 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
8 iniquitatem iniquity ACC.SG.F
9 suam her own ACC.SG.F.POSS

Syntax

Main Clause 1: maritus erit absque culpa, with maritus as subject and erit as verb. absque culpa is a prepositional phrase expressing condition.

Main Clause 2: et illa recipiet iniquitatem suam, coordinated by et, with illa as subject, recipiet as verb, and iniquitatem suam as object.

Morphology

  1. maritus — Lemma: maritus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, 2nd declension; Function: subject; Translation: husband; Notes: refers to the male party in the case.
  2. absque — Lemma: absque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: takes the ablative; Function: introduces condition; Translation: without; Notes: expresses absence.
  3. culpa — Lemma: culpa; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine, 1st declension; Function: object of absque; Translation: fault; Notes: legal innocence.
  4. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: shall be; Notes: expresses future state.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links clauses; Translation: and; Notes: continues statement.
  6. illa — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: she; Notes: refers to the woman.
  7. recipiet — Lemma: recipio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative, 3rd conjugation; Function: main verb; Translation: shall receive; Notes: indicates bearing consequence.
  8. iniquitatem — Lemma: iniquitas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, 3rd declension; Function: direct object; Translation: iniquity; Notes: refers to guilt.
  9. suam — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies iniquitatem; Translation: her own; Notes: reflexive possession.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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