Numeri 11:26 (Numbers 11:26)

Posted on May 8, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 11:26 Remanserat autem in castris duo viri, quorum unus vocabatur Eldad, et alter Medad, super quos requievit Spiritus. nam et ipsi descripti fuerant, et non exierant ad tabernaculum.

But there had remained in the camp two men, of whom one was called Eldad, and the other Medad, upon whom the Spirit rested. For they themselves also had been enrolled, and they had not gone out to the tabernacle.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Remanserat had remained 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND
2 autem however ADV
3 in in PREP+ABL
4 castris camp ABL.PL.N
5 duo two NOM.PL.M
6 viri men NOM.PL.M
7 quorum of whom GEN.PL.M.REL
8 unus one NOM.SG.M
9 vocabatur was called 3SG.IMP.PASS.IND
10 Eldad Eldad INDECL
11 et and CONJ
12 alter the other NOM.SG.M
13 Medad Medad INDECL
14 super upon PREP+ACC
15 quos whom ACC.PL.M.REL
16 requievit rested 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
17 Spiritus Spirit NOM.SG.M
18 nam for CONJ
19 et also ADV
20 ipsi they themselves NOM.PL.M
21 descripti enrolled NOM.PL.M.PERF.PASS.PTCP
22 fuerant had been 3PL.PLUP.ACT.IND
23 et and CONJ
24 non not ADV
25 exierant had gone out 3PL.PLUP.ACT.IND
26 ad to PREP+ACC
27 tabernaculum tabernacle ACC.SG.N

Syntax

Main Clause: duo viri is the subject, and Remanserat is the verb. in castris is a prepositional phrase indicating location, while autem marks contrast with the previous action.

Relative Clause 1: quorum unus vocabatur Eldad et alter Medad modifies duo viri. quorum introduces the clause, unus and alter are subjects of vocabatur (implied in second part), identifying the two individuals.

Relative Clause 2: super quos requievit Spiritus further describes the two men. Spiritus is the subject, requievit is the verb, and super quos expresses direction or resting upon them.

Causal Clause: nam et ipsi descripti fuerant provides explanation. ipsi is the subject, descripti fuerant is a pluperfect passive construction.

Coordinated Clause: et non exierant ad tabernaculum adds further information. exierant is the verb, non negates it, and ad tabernaculum indicates direction.

Morphology

  1. Remanserat — Lemma: remaneō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular pluperfect active indicative; Function: main verb of the clause; Translation: had remained; Notes: Indicates prior state relative to subsequent events.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces contrast; Translation: however; Notes: Marks a shift in narrative focus.
  3. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing ablative; Function: indicates location; Translation: in; Notes: Locative usage.
  4. castris — Lemma: castra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: camp; Notes: Plural form used for a military camp.
  5. duo — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: modifies viri; Translation: two; Notes: Agrees with viri.
  6. viri — Lemma: vir; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: men; Notes: Refers to Eldad and Medad.
  7. quorum — Lemma: quī; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive plural masculine relative; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: of whom; Notes: Refers back to viri.
  8. unus — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of vocabatur; Translation: one; Notes: Identifies first individual.
  9. vocabatur — Lemma: vocō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular imperfect passive indicative; Function: verb of naming; Translation: was called; Notes: Passive form used for naming.
  10. Eldad — Lemma: Eldad; Part of Speech: noun; Form: indeclinable proper noun; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: Eldad; Notes: Name of one of the men.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Links the two names.
  12. alter — Lemma: alter; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject (understood verb); Translation: the other; Notes: Introduces second individual.
  13. Medad — Lemma: Medad; Part of Speech: noun; Form: indeclinable proper noun; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: Medad; Notes: Second named man.
  14. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing accusative; Function: indicates direction upon; Translation: upon; Notes: Indicates resting upon persons.
  15. quos — Lemma: quī; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine relative; Function: object of super; Translation: whom; Notes: Refers to the two men.
  16. requievit — Lemma: requiescō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: rested; Notes: Indicates completed action.
  17. Spiritus — Lemma: spiritus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Spirit; Notes: Divine Spirit.
  18. nam — Lemma: nam; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: introduces explanation; Translation: for; Notes: Provides reason.
  19. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: intensifying particle; Function: emphasizes ipsi; Translation: also; Notes: Adds emphasis.
  20. ipsi — Lemma: ipse; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: they themselves; Notes: Reflexive emphasis.
  21. descripti — Lemma: describō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: nominative plural masculine perfect passive participle; Function: part of compound verb; Translation: enrolled; Notes: Refers to being listed or chosen.
  22. fuerant — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural pluperfect active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: had been; Notes: Completes pluperfect passive.
  23. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Adds further detail.
  24. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: negation; Function: negates exierant; Translation: not; Notes: Direct negation.
  25. exierant — Lemma: exeō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural pluperfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: had gone out; Notes: Indicates prior action not performed.
  26. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing accusative; Function: direction; Translation: to; Notes: Marks destination.
  27. tabernaculum — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of ad; Translation: tabernacle; Notes: Sacred location.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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