Numeri 13:18 (Numbers 13:18)

Posted on May 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 13:18 misit ergo eos Moyses ad considerandam Terram Chanaan, et dixit ad eos: Ascendite per meridianam plagam. Cumque veneritis ad montes,

Therefore Moyses sent them to examine the Land of Chanaan, and he said to them: “Ascend through the southern region. And when you shall have come to the mountains,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 misit sent 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 ergo therefore ADV
3 eos them ACC.PL.M PERS
4 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
5 ad to PREP+ACC
6 considerandam to be examined ACC.SG.F GERUNDV
7 Terram the land ACC.SG.F
8 Chanaan Canaan GEN.SG.INDECL
9 et and CONJ
10 dixit said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
11 ad to PREP+ACC
12 eos them ACC.PL.M PERS
13 Ascendite ascend 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
14 per through PREP+ACC
15 meridianam southern ACC.SG.F
16 plagam region ACC.SG.F
17 Cumque and when CONJ
18 veneritis you shall have come 2PL.FUTP.ACT.IND
19 ad to PREP+ACC
20 montes mountains ACC.PL.M

Syntax

Main Clause: Moyses is the subject with misit as the verb and eos as the object.

Purpose Phrase: ad considerandam Terram Chanaan expresses purpose.

Second Clause: et dixit ad eos introduces speech.

Command: Ascendite per meridianam plagam is a direct imperative instruction.

Subordinate Clause: Cumque veneritis ad montes expresses temporal sequence.

Morphology

  1. misit — Lemma: mitto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: sent; Notes: Completed action.
  2. ergo — Lemma: ergo; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: connective; Translation: therefore; Notes: Indicates logical continuation.
  3. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to the men.
  4. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine third declension; Function: subject; Translation: Moyses; Notes: Agent of action.
  5. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces purpose; Translation: to; Notes: Marks direction or purpose.
  6. considerandam — Lemma: considero; Part of Speech: gerundive; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies Terram; Translation: to be examined; Notes: Indicates purpose.
  7. Terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine first declension; Function: object of purpose phrase; Translation: the land; Notes: Object of exploration.
  8. Chanaan — Lemma: Chanaan; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular indeclinable; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of Chanaan; Notes: Specifies land.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Links actions.
  10. dixit — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: said; Notes: Introduces speech.
  11. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces indirect object; Translation: to; Notes: Marks direction.
  12. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to the men.
  13. Ascendite — Lemma: ascendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative second person plural; Function: command; Translation: ascend; Notes: Instruction given.
  14. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces path; Translation: through; Notes: Indicates movement.
  15. meridianam — Lemma: meridianus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies plagam; Translation: southern; Notes: Specifies direction.
  16. plagam — Lemma: plaga; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine first declension; Function: object of per; Translation: region; Notes: Denotes geographical area.
  17. Cumque — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable with enclitic; Function: introduces subordinate clause; Translation: and when; Notes: Temporal connector.
  18. veneritis — Lemma: venio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future perfect active indicative second person plural; Function: verb of subordinate clause; Translation: you shall have come; Notes: Indicates completed future action.
  19. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces direction; Translation: to; Notes: Marks movement.
  20. montes — Lemma: mons; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine third declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: mountains; Notes: Indicates destination.

 

Numeri 13:18 (Numbers 13:18) = Numeri 13:17 (Numbers 13:17)

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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