Exodus 14:7

Posted on March 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 14:7 Tulitque sexcentos currus electos, et quidquid in Ægypto curruum fuit: et duces totius exercitus.

And he took six hundred chosen chariots, and whatever chariots were in Egypt, and the leaders of the whole army.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Tulitque and he took 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND + ENCLITIC -QUE
2 sexcentos six hundred ADJ.ACC.PL.M
3 currus chariots NOUN.ACC.PL.M
4 electos chosen PART.PERF.PASS.ACC.PL.M
5 et and CONJ
6 quidquid whatever INDEF.REL.PRON.NOM/ACC.SG.N
7 in in PREP+ABL
8 Ægypto Egypt NOUN.ABL.SG.F
9 curruum of chariots NOUN.GEN.PL.M
10 fuit there was 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
11 et and CONJ
12 duces leaders NOUN.ACC.PL.M
13 totius of the whole ADJ.GEN.SG.F
14 exercitus of the army NOUN.GEN.SG.M

Syntax

Main predicate: Tulitque — perfect active, governing two direct objects.
First object group: sexcentos currus electos — numeral + noun + participle.
Second object group (relative-indefinite): quidquid in Ægypto curruum fuit — neuter pronoun introducing a nominal clause.
Final coordinated object: duces totius exercitus — appositional noun phrase meaning “leaders of the whole army.”

Morphology

  1. Tulitque — Lemma: fero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular + enclitic -que; Function: main verb; Translation: “and he took”; Notes: enclitic -que connects with previous narrative action.
  2. sexcentos — Lemma: sescenti; Part of Speech: numeral/adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies currus; Translation: “six hundred”; Notes: expresses large, elite military force.
  3. currus — Lemma: currus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “chariots”; Notes: war chariots.
  4. electos — Lemma: eligo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies currus; Translation: “chosen”; Notes: denotes elite selection.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: links additional objects.
  6. quidquid — Lemma: quidquid; Part of Speech: indefinite relative pronoun; Form: nominative/accusative singular neuter; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: “whatever”; Notes: introduces sweeping inclusiveness.
  7. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative expression; Translation: “in”; Notes: situates the quantity.
  8. Ægypto — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: “Egypt”; Notes: geographical reference.
  9. curruum — Lemma: currus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: partitive genitive; Translation: “of chariots”; Notes: expresses quantity: “whatever of chariots there was.”
  10. fuit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: “there was”; Notes: existential usage.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: adds final element; Translation: “and”; Notes: introduces final object.
  12. duces — Lemma: dux; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “leaders”; Notes: likely field commanders.
  13. totius — Lemma: totus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies exercitus; Translation: “of the whole”; Notes: emphatic totality.
  14. exercitus — Lemma: exercitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “of the army”; Notes: refers to the Egyptian military command.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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