Exodus 28:32

Posted on March 19, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 28:32 in cuius medio supra erit capitium, et ora per gyrum eius textilis, sicut fieri solet in extremis vestium partibus, ne facile rumpatur.

in the middle of which, above, there shall be an opening, and the edge around it shall be woven, as is usually done in the borders of garments, so that it may not easily tear.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 in in PREP+ABL INDECL
2 cuius of which PRON REL GEN SG N
3 medio middle NOUN ABL SG N 2ND DECL
4 supra above ADV INDECL
5 erit there shall be VERB 3 FUT ACT IND IRREG
6 capitium an opening NOUN NOM SG N 2ND DECL
7 et and CONJ INDECL
8 ora the border NOUN NOM SG F 1ST DECL
9 per around PREP+ACC INDECL
10 gyrum circuit NOUN ACC SG M 2ND DECL
11 eius of it PRON POSS GEN SG
12 textilis woven ADJ NOM SG F
13 sicut as CONJ INDECL
14 fieri to be done VERB INF PASS
15 solet is accustomed VERB 3 PRES ACT IND 2ND CONJ
16 in in PREP+ABL INDECL
17 extremis outermost ADJ ABL PL F SUPER
18 vestium of garments NOUN GEN PL F 3RD DECL
19 partibus parts NOUN ABL PL F 3RD DECL
20 ne lest CONJ INDECL
21 facile easily ADV INDECL
22 rumpatur it may be torn VERB 3 PRES PASS SUBJ 3RD CONJ

Syntax

Locative phrase:
in cuius medio supra — “in the middle of which, above.”
The preposition in governs the ablative medio, with the relative pronoun cuius referring back to the tunic.

Main clause:
erit capitium — “there shall be an opening.”
The verb erit introduces a new construction detail.

Coordinated clause:
et ora per gyrum eius textilis — “and the edge around it shall be woven.”
Here the subject is ora, with per gyrum eius describing its perimeter.

Comparative clause:
sicut fieri solet in extremis vestium partibus — “as is usually done in the outer parts of garments.”
The verb phrase is fieri solet.

Final clause:
ne facile rumpatur — “lest it may easily be torn.”
The verb rumpatur is a passive subjunctive expressing prevention of an undesirable outcome.

Morphology

  1. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative; Translation: “in”; Notes: expresses place within.
  2. cuius — Lemma: qui, quae, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies medio; Translation: “of which”; Notes: refers back to the tunic.
  3. medio — Lemma: medium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter, second declension; Function: object of in; Translation: “middle”; Notes: locative ablative.
  4. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: spatial adverb; Translation: “above”; Notes: modifies location phrase.
  5. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: “there shall be”; Notes: introduces required feature.
  6. capitium — Lemma: capitium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter, second declension; Function: subject complement; Translation: “opening”; Notes: hole for the head.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects new clause; Translation: “and”; Notes: common coordinator.
  8. ora — Lemma: ora; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine, first declension; Function: subject; Translation: “border, edge”; Notes: textile edge of garment.
  9. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses perimeter; Translation: “around”; Notes: directional/spatial use.
  10. gyrum — Lemma: gyrus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, second declension; Function: object of per; Translation: “circuit”; Notes: circular border.
  11. eius — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular; Function: modifies gyrum; Translation: “of it”; Notes: refers to the opening.
  12. textilis — Lemma: textilis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate adjective to ora; Translation: “woven”; Notes: indicates method of edge reinforcement.
  13. sicut — Lemma: sicut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces comparison; Translation: “as”; Notes: common comparative marker.
  14. fieri — Lemma: fio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present passive infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive with solet; Translation: “to be done”; Notes: classical passive of facere.
  15. solet — Lemma: soleo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: main verb of comparison; Translation: “is accustomed”; Notes: describes standard practice.
  16. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative; Translation: “in”; Notes: introduces location of practice.
  17. extremis — Lemma: extremus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative plural feminine, superlative; Function: modifies partibus; Translation: “outermost”; Notes: refers to garment borders.
  18. vestium — Lemma: vestis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine, third declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “of garments”; Notes: textile context.
  19. partibus — Lemma: pars; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine, third declension; Function: object of in; Translation: “parts”; Notes: structural elements of clothing.
  20. ne — Lemma: ne; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: negative purpose; Translation: “lest”; Notes: common in prohibitive clauses.
  21. facile — Lemma: facilis (adv.); Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies rumpatur; Translation: “easily”; Notes: expresses degree.
  22. rumpatur — Lemma: rumpo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present passive subjunctive; Function: verb of negative purpose; Translation: “may be torn”; Notes: desired prevention of damage.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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