Exodus 4:30

Posted on February 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 4:30 Locutusque est Aaron omnia verba quæ dixerat Dominus ad Moysen: et fecit signa coram populo,

And Aaron spoke all the words which the LORD had said to Moyses, and he performed the signs before the people,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Locutusque and he spoke NOM.SG.M.PERF.PART.DEP
2 est he has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
3 Aaron Aaron NOM.SG.M
4 omnia all ACC.PL.N
5 verba words ACC.PL.N
6 quæ which ACC.PL.N
7 dixerat He had said 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND
8 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
9 ad to PREP+ACC
10 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
11 et and CONJ
12 fecit he performed 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
13 signa signs ACC.PL.N
14 coram before PREP+ABL
15 populo people ABL.SG.M

Syntax

Periphrastic perfect: Locutusque est Aaron — deponent participle + est gives a perfect active sense (“Aaron spoke”).
Direct object: omnia verba — the total content of divine speech.
Relative clause: quæ dixerat Dominus ad Moysen — quæ refers to verba. Verb dixerat frames prior divine instruction.
Coordinated clause: et fecit signa — second main action, sign-performing.
Prepositional phrase: coram populo — indicates place and audience for the signs.
Overall structure: narration flows from proclamation of words to demonstration of signs.

Morphology

  1. Locutusque — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: deponent participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect participle with enclitic -que; Function: participial component of periphrastic perfect; Translation: and he spoke; Notes: deponent verb with active meaning.
  2. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary verb with participle; Translation: he has; Notes: forms perfect tense with deponent.
  3. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Aaron; Notes: brother of Moses.
  4. omnia — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: modifies verba; Translation: all; Notes: collective neuter plural.
  5. verba — Lemma: verbum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object of Locutus est; Translation: words; Notes: denotes messages given by the LORD.
  6. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object within the relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: refers to verba.
  7. dixerat — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular pluperfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: He had said; Notes: indicates time prior to Aaron’s speech.
  8. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of dixerat; Translation: LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  9. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces recipient; Translation: to; Notes: used with verbs of speaking.
  10. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: Moses; Notes: addressee of divine speech.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links clauses; Translation: and; Notes: joins proclamation and sign-performance.
  12. fecit — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he performed; Notes: perfect of completed miraculous actions.
  13. signa — Lemma: signum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object of fecit; Translation: signs; Notes: refers to miracles given by the LORD.
  14. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses presence; Translation: before; Notes: indicates audience or witnesses.
  15. populo — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of coram; Translation: people; Notes: the assembled Israelites.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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