Exodus 9:33

Posted on February 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 9:33 Egressusque Moyses a Pharaone ex urbe, tetendit manus ad Dominum: et cessaverunt tonitrua et grando, nec ultra stillavit pluvia super terram.

And Moyses, having gone out from Pharao from the city, stretched his hands to the LORD, and the thunders ceased and the hail, and no longer did the rain drip upon the land.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Egressusque and having gone out NOM.SG.M.PERF.ACT.PTCP + ENCLITIC
2 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
3 a from PREP+ABL
4 Pharaone Pharaoh ABL.SG.M
5 ex from PREP+ABL
6 urbe city ABL.SG.F
7 tetendit stretched 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
8 manus hands ACC.PL.F
9 ad to PREP+ACC
10 Dominum LORD ACC.SG.M
11 et and CONJ
12 cessaverunt ceased 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
13 tonitrua thunders NOM.PL.N
14 et and CONJ
15 grando hail NOM.SG.F
16 nec and not CONJ/ADV
17 ultra any longer ADV
18 stillavit dripped 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
19 pluvia rain NOM.SG.F
20 super upon PREP+ACC
21 terram land ACC.SG.F

Syntax

Initial Participial Clause:
Egressusque Moyses — “and Moses, having gone out”;
a Pharaone and ex urbe — ablatives with a/ex indicating separation.

Main Action:
tetendit manus ad Dominum — “he stretched his hands to the LORD.”
manus — direct object;
ad Dominum — direction toward YHWH.

Result Clauses:
cessaverunt tonitrua et grando — two subjects, one verb.
nec ultra stillavit pluvia — negative continuation: “nor did the rain drip any longer.”

Morphology

  1. Egressusque — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: participle + enclitic; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect active participle with enclitic -que; Function: introduces circumstantial clause; Translation: “and having gone out”; Notes: -que links this clause to previous narrative.
  2. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: proper name.
  3. a — Lemma: a/ab; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates motion away from; Translation: “from”; Notes: used before consonants.
  4. Pharaone — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of a; Translation: “Pharaoh”; Notes: political authority in context.
  5. ex — Lemma: e/ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates movement out of; Translation: “from/out of”; Notes: emphasizes departure from a place.
  6. urbe — Lemma: urbs; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of ex; Translation: “city”; Notes: place from which Moses departs.
  7. tetendit — Lemma: tendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: “stretched”; Notes: gesture of intercession.
  8. manus — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of tetendit; Translation: “hands”; Notes: 4th declension irregular plural.
  9. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction toward; Translation: “to”; Notes: expresses orientation toward deity.
  10. Dominum — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: joins clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: standard coordination.
  12. cessaverunt — Lemma: cessō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person plural perfect active indicative; Function: verb of first result clause; Translation: “ceased”; Notes: plural agrees with two subjects.
  13. tonitrua — Lemma: tonitruum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of cessaverunt; Translation: “thunders”; Notes: neuter plural.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: joins grando to prior clause; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple additive.
  15. grando — Lemma: grando; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of cessaverunt by sense; Translation: “hail”; Notes: singular collective noun.
  16. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: adverb/conjunction; Form: negative connective; Function: introduces negative continuation; Translation: “and not”; Notes: strengthens contrast.
  17. ultra — Lemma: ultra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverb of extension; Function: modifies stillavit; Translation: “any longer”; Notes: signals cessation.
  18. stillavit — Lemma: stillo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: verb of negative clause; Translation: “dripped”; Notes: describes rain ceasing completely.
  19. pluvia — Lemma: pluvia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of stillavit; Translation: “rain”; Notes: final natural element affected.
  20. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates location; Translation: “upon”; Notes: spatial preposition.
  21. terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of super; Translation: “land”; Notes: region affected by cessation.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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