Genesis 36:11

Posted on February 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 36:11 Fueruntque Eliphaz filii: Theman, Omar, Sepho, et Gatham, et Cenez.

And the sons of Eliphaz were: Theman, Omar, Sepho, and Gatham, and Cenez.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Fueruntque and were 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND + CONJ
2 Eliphaz Eliphaz PROP.NOUN.GEN.SG.M
3 filii sons NOUN.NOM.PL.M
4 Theman Teman PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.M
5 Omar Omar PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.M
6 Sepho Zepho PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.M
7 et and CONJ
8 Gatham Gatam PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.M
9 et and CONJ
10 Cenez Kenaz PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause: Fueruntque Eliphaz filii — the verb Fuerunt (“were”) links the predicate filii (“sons”) with the genitive Eliphaz (“of Eliphaz”); -que joins this statement to the previous genealogical sequence.
Appositive List: Theman, Omar, Sepho, et Gatham, et Cenez — enumerates the five sons in nominative apposition, forming the completion of the predicate.

Morphology

  1. Fueruntque — Lemma: sum + -que; Part of Speech: verb + enclitic conjunction; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd plural + “and”; Function: main copular verb; Translation: “and were”; Notes: -que connects genealogical continuity with the previous statement.
  2. Eliphaz — Lemma: Eliphaz; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive of possession modifying filii; Translation: “of Eliphaz”; Notes: Indicates paternal lineage.
  3. filii — Lemma: fīlius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of fuerunt; Translation: “sons”; Notes: Introduces offspring in genealogical style.
  4. Theman — Lemma: Theman; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositive to filii; Translation: “Teman”; Notes: Eldest son of Eliphaz, later name of a chief clan in Edom.
  5. Omar — Lemma: Omar; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositive; Translation: “Omar”; Notes: Listed second in genealogical sequence.
  6. Sepho — Lemma: Sepho; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositive; Translation: “Zepho”; Notes: Name variant in LXX as “Saphō.”
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: joins coordinate nouns; Translation: “and”; Notes: Connects members of the list.
  8. Gatham — Lemma: Gatham; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositive; Translation: “Gatam”; Notes: Fourth in the genealogical enumeration.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links final item of the list; Translation: “and”; Notes: Standard polysyndetic coordination typical of Hebrew-influenced Latin lists.
  10. Cenez — Lemma: Cenez; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: final appositive to filii; Translation: “Kenaz”; Notes: Closing member of Eliphaz’s offspring, later associated with Edomite tribal leaders.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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