Genesis 41:13

Posted on February 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 40:13 audivimus quidquid postea rei probavit eventus. ego enim redditus sum officio meo: et ille suspensus est in cruce.

we heard whatever afterwards the outcome of the matter proved. For I was restored to my office, and he was hanged on the cross.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 audivimus we heard 1PL.PERF.ACT.IND
2 quidquid whatever INDEF.REL.PRON.NOM/ACC.SG.N
3 postea afterwards ADV
4 rei of the matter GEN.SG.F
5 probavit proved 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
6 eventus outcome NOM.SG.M
7 ego I NOM.SG
8 enim for CONJ
9 redditus restored NOM.SG.M.PERF.PASS.PTCP
10 sum am 1SG.PRES.ACT.IND
11 officio to office DAT.SG.N
12 meo my DAT.SG.N
13 et and CONJ
14 ille he NOM.SG.M
15 suspens hanged NOM.SG.M.PERF.PASS.PTCP
16 est was 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
17 in on PREP+ABL
18 cruce the cross ABL.SG.F

Syntax

Main clause: audivimus quidquid postea rei probavit eventus — “we heard whatever afterwards the outcome of the matter proved,” with quidquid introducing a free relative clause.
Relative clause: quidquid … probavit eventus — eventus as the subject, probavit as the verb.
Second sentence subject: ego — “I,” emphasized by position.
Periphrastic passive: redditus sum — perfect passive, “I was restored.”
Dative complement: officio meo — “to my office.”
Coordinated clause: ille suspensus est in cruce — “and he was hanged on the cross,” parallel to the speaker’s restoration.

Morphology

  1. audivimus — Lemma: audio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person plural perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: “we heard”; Notes: refers to both imprisoned officials.
  2. quidquid — Lemma: quidquid; Part of Speech: indefinite relative pronoun; Form: nominative/accusative singular neuter; Function: introduces free relative clause; Translation: “whatever”; Notes: broad, undefined referent.
  3. postea — Lemma: postea; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverb; Function: modifies probavit; Translation: “afterwards”; Notes: marks later verification.
  4. rei — Lemma: res; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: objective genitive; Translation: “of the matter”; Notes: refers to the situation regarding the dreams.
  5. probavit — Lemma: probo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: “proved”; Notes: expresses verification through actual events.
  6. eventus — Lemma: eventus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of probavit; Translation: “outcome”; Notes: refers to fulfilled interpretations.
  7. ego — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: subject; Translation: “I”; Notes: emphatic personal reference.
  8. enim — Lemma: enim; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: postpositive; Function: explains cause; Translation: “for”; Notes: logical connector.
  9. redditus — Lemma: reddo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive participle; Function: part of periphrastic passive; Translation: “restored”; Notes: indicates reinstatement.
  10. sum — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular present indicative; Function: auxiliary in passive; Translation: “am”; Notes: forms perfect passive.
  11. officio — Lemma: officium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular neuter; Function: dative of reference; Translation: “to office”; Notes: indicates position restored.
  12. meo — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: dative singular neuter; Function: modifies officio; Translation: “my”; Notes: personal possession.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: adds parallel event.
  14. ille — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “he”; Notes: refers to the baker.
  15. suspens — Lemma: suspendo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive participle; Function: predicate; Translation: “hanged”; Notes: describes execution method.
  16. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: “was”; Notes: completes passive construction.
  17. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses location; Translation: “on”; Notes: describes place of execution.
  18. cruce — Lemma: crux; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: “the cross”; Notes: instrument/location of death.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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