Genesis 43:23

Posted on February 12, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 43:23 At ille respondit: Pax vobiscum, nolite timere: Deus vester, et Deus patris vestri dedit vobis thesauros in saccis vestris. nam pecuniam, quam dedistis mihi, probatam ego habeo. Eduxitque ad eos Simeon.

But he replied: “Peace be with you, do not be afraid; your God and the God of your father has given treasures to you in your sacks. For the money which you gave to me, I have in verified form.” And he brought Simeon out to them.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 At but CONJ
2 ille he NOM.SG.M
3 respondit replied 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
4 Pax peace NOM.SG.F
5 vobiscum with you PREP+ABL.PL
6 nolite do not 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP
7 timere to fear PRES.ACT.INF
8 Deus God NOM.SG.M
9 vester your NOM.SG.M
10 et and CONJ
11 Deus God NOM.SG.M
12 patris of your father GEN.SG.M
13 vestri your GEN.PL
14 dedit has given 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
15 vobis to you DAT.PL
16 thesauros treasures ACC.PL.M
17 in in PREP+ABL
18 saccis sacks ABL.PL.M
19 vestris your ABL.PL.M
20 nam for CONJ
21 pecuniam money ACC.SG.F
22 quam which ACC.SG.F.REL
23 dedistis you gave 2PL.PERF.ACT.IND
24 mihi to me DAT.SG
25 probatam verified ACC.SG.F.PPP
26 ego I NOM.SG
27 habeo I have 1SG.PRES.ACT.IND
28 Eduxitque and he brought out 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
29 ad to PREP+ACC
30 eos them ACC.PL.M
31 Simeon Simeon ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Main clause: At ille respondit — contrastive introduction; subject ille, verb respondit.
Quoted reassurance: Pax vobiscum — nominative subject with prepositional phrase.
Prohibition: nolite timere — negative imperative plus infinitive.
Subject of giving: Deus vester et Deus patris vestri — compound subject.
Main action: dedit vobis thesauros in saccis vestris — verb dedit, indirect object vobis, direct object thesauros, location phrase.
Explanatory clause: nam pecuniam … ego habeo — causal explanation.
Relative clause: quam dedistis mihi.
Final action: Eduxitque ad eos Simeon — inverted word order emphasizing Simeon as object.

Morphology

  1. At — Lemma: at; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: contrastive; Function: marks shift in narrative; Translation: “but”; Notes: strong adversative.
  2. ille — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “he”; Notes: the steward.
  3. respondit — Lemma: respondeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “replied”; Notes: introduces speech.
  4. Pax — Lemma: pax; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: “peace”; Notes: greeting formula.
  5. vobiscum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: cum + ablative; Function: adverbial phrase; Translation: “with you”; Notes: enclitic -cum.
  6. nolite — Lemma: nolo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperative present active 2nd plural; Function: negative command; Translation: “do not”; Notes: used with infinitive.
  7. timere — Lemma: timeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complement of nolite; Translation: “to fear”; Notes: prohibition formula.
  8. Deus — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “God”; Notes: same deity referenced twice.
  9. vester — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies Deus; Translation: “your”; Notes: plural possessive.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links subjects; Translation: “and”; Notes: equal weight conjunction.
  11. Deus — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: second conjunct; Translation: “God”; Notes: “the God of your father.”
  12. patris — Lemma: pater; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive; Translation: “of the father”; Notes: part of genitive phrase.
  13. vestri — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: genitive plural; Function: modifies patris; Translation: “your”; Notes: expresses shared father.
  14. dedit — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “has given”; Notes: divine action.
  15. vobis — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to you”; Notes: beneficiaries.
  16. thesauros — Lemma: thesaurus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “treasures”; Notes: metaphor for returned money.
  17. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: with ablative; Function: location; Translation: “in”; Notes: static placement.
  18. saccis — Lemma: saccus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: “sacks”; Notes: physical location.
  19. vestris — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: modifies saccis; Translation: “your”; Notes: possessive.
  20. nam — Lemma: nam; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: explanatory; Function: introduces explanation; Translation: “for”; Notes: causal nuance.
  21. pecuniam — Lemma: pecunia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object; Translation: “money”; Notes: original payment.
  22. quam — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: introduces clause; Translation: “which”; Notes: refers to pecuniam.
  23. dedistis — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 2nd plural; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: “you gave”; Notes: completed action.
  24. mihi — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to me”; Notes: the steward.
  25. probatam — Lemma: probo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative singular feminine perfect passive participle; Function: object complement; Translation: “verified”; Notes: indicates tested authenticity.
  26. ego — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: emphatic subject; Translation: “I”; Notes: emphasis by position.
  27. habeo — Lemma: habeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative 1st singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “I have”; Notes: possession of verified money.
  28. Eduxitque — Lemma: educo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular with enclitic -que; Function: begins new narrative action; Translation: “and he brought out”; Notes: continues scene.
  29. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction; Translation: “to”; Notes: motion toward.
  30. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “them”; Notes: the brothers.
  31. Simeon — Lemma: Simeon; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of Eduxit; Translation: “Simeon”; Notes: restored brother.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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