Genesis 43:22

Posted on February 12, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 43:22 Sed et aliud attulimus argentum, ut emamus quæ nobis necessaria sunt: non est in nostra conscientia quis posuerit eam in marsupiis nostris.

But we have also brought other silver, that we may buy the things that are necessary for us; it is not within our knowledge who placed it in our money-bags.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sed but CONJ
2 et also CONJ
3 aliud other ACC.SG.N
4 attulimus we have brought 1PL.PERF.ACT.IND
5 argentum silver ACC.SG.N
6 ut that / in order that CONJ
7 emamus we may buy 1PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
8 quæ the things which ACC.PL.N.REL
9 nobis for us DAT.PL
10 necessaria necessary things ACC.PL.N
11 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
12 non not ADV
13 est it is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
14 in in PREP+ABL
15 nostra our ABL.SG.F
16 conscientia knowledge ABL.SG.F
17 quis who NOM.SG.M.INTR
18 posuerit placed 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
19 eam it ACC.SG.F
20 in in PREP+ABL
21 marsupiis money-bags ABL.PL.N
22 nostris our ABL.PL.N

Syntax

Coordinated main clause: Sed et aliud attulimus argentum — subject implied “we,” verb attulimus, object aliud argentum.
Purpose clause: ut emamus quæ nobis necessaria sunt — ut + subjunctive emamus expresses purpose of bringing silver.
Relative clause: quæ nobis necessaria sunt — identifies items needed.
Independent negative clause: non est in nostra conscientia — statement of ignorance.
Embedded indirect question: quis posuerit eam in marsupiis nostris — perfect subjunctive for unknown agent.

Morphology

  1. Sed — Lemma: sed; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: introduces contrast; Translation: “but”; Notes: softens transition.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: additive; Function: adds emphasis; Translation: “also”; Notes: intensifies statement.
  3. aliud — Lemma: alius; Part of Speech: pronoun/adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object with argentum; Translation: “other”; Notes: additional money brought.
  4. attulimus — Lemma: affero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 1st plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “we have brought”; Notes: indicates completed action.
  5. argentum — Lemma: argentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: “silver”; Notes: refers to money.
  6. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: introduces purpose; Function: subordinator; Translation: “that / in order that”; Notes: governs subjunctive.
  7. emamus — Lemma: emo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive 1st plural; Function: verb of purpose; Translation: “we may buy”; Notes: purpose of bringing silver.
  8. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of emamus; Translation: “the things which”; Notes: neuter plural for necessities.
  9. nobis — Lemma: nos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: reference of necessity; Translation: “for us”; Notes: ethical dative.
  10. necessaria — Lemma: necessarius; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object with quæ; Translation: “necessary things”; Notes: food and supplies.
  11. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative 3rd plural; Function: copula; Translation: “are”; Notes: identifying necessity.
  12. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: negative; Function: negation; Translation: “not”; Notes: modifies statement of knowledge.
  13. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “it is”; Notes: links predicate phrase.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses state; Translation: “in”; Notes: idiomatic with conscientia.
  15. nostra — Lemma: noster; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies conscientia; Translation: “our”; Notes: moral awareness.
  16. conscientia — Lemma: conscientia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: “knowledge”; Notes: literally “conscience.”
  17. quis — Lemma: quis; Part of Speech: interrogative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of indirect question; Translation: “who”; Notes: unknown agent.
  18. posuerit — Lemma: pono; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active subjunctive 3rd singular; Function: verb of indirect question; Translation: “placed”; Notes: perfect subjunctive reflects uncertainty.
  19. eam — Lemma: is/ea/id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of posuerit; Translation: “it”; Notes: refers to pecuniam.
  20. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses location; Translation: “in”; Notes: static placement.
  21. marsupiis — Lemma: marsupium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: “money-bags”; Notes: storage pouches.
  22. nostris — Lemma: noster; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: modifies marsupiis; Translation: “our”; Notes: possessive.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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