Genesis 45:2

Posted on February 14, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 45:2 Elevavitque vocem cum fletu: quam audierunt Ægyptii, omnisque domus Pharaonis.

And he lifted up his voice with weeping, and the Egyptians heard it, and the whole house of Pharao.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Elevavitque and he lifted 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 vocem voice ACC.SG.F
3 cum with PREP+ABL
4 fletu weeping ABL.SG.M
5 quam which ACC.SG.F.REL.PRON
6 audierunt heard 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
7 Aegyptii Egyptians NOM.PL.M
8 omnisque and the whole NOM.SG.F(+ENCLITIC)
9 domus house NOM.SG.F
10 Pharaonis of Pharaoh GEN.SG.M

Syntax

Main clause: Elevavitque vocem cum fletu — “And he lifted up his voice with weeping.”
• Verb: Elevavitque.
• Object: vocem.
• Ablative of manner: cum fletu.

Relative clause: quam audierunt Aegyptii — “which the Egyptians heard.”
• Antecedent: vocem.
• Relative pronoun: quam.
• Verb: audierunt.
• Subject: Aegyptii.

Coordinated noun phrase: omnisque domus Pharaonis — “and the whole house of Pharaoh.”
• Conjunction/enclitic: -que.
• Subject: domus with modifier omnis.
• Genitive: Pharaonis.

Morphology

  1. Elevavitque — Lemma: elevo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular + enclitic -que; Function: main verb; Translation: “and he lifted”; Notes: -que links with previous narrative action.
  2. vocem — Lemma: vox; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object of Elevavit; Translation: “voice”; Notes: emotional intensity marker.
  3. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces ablative of manner; Translation: “with”; Notes: used idiomatically with emotional nouns.
  4. fletu — Lemma: fletus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative of manner with cum; Translation: “weeping”; Notes: indicates intense emotional state.
  5. quam — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of audierunt; Translation: “which”; Notes: refers to vocem.
  6. audierunt — Lemma: audio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd plural; Function: main verb of relative clause; Translation: “they heard”; Notes: perfect indicates completed, decisive perception.
  7. Aegyptii — Lemma: Aegyptius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of audierunt; Translation: “Egyptians”; Notes: denotes Egyptians present in Joseph’s household.
  8. omnisque — Lemma: omnis + -que; Part of Speech: adjective + enclitic; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: modifies domus; Translation: “and the whole”; Notes: -que ties phrase to previous clause.
  9. domus — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of understood verb/component of coordinated subject; Translation: “house”; Notes: refers to Pharaoh’s household.
  10. Pharaonis — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive genitive modifying domus; Translation: “of Pharaoh”; Notes: identifies which house.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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