Leviticus 1:10

Posted on April 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 1:10 Quod si de pecoribus oblatio est, de ovibus sive de capris holocaustum, masculum absque macula offeret:

But if the offering is from the flock, from the sheep or from the goats as a holocaust, he shall offer a male without blemish;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quod but if CONJ (RELATIVE introducing condition)
2 si if CONJ
3 de from PREP+ABL
4 pecoribus the flock NOUN, ABL.PL.N, 3RD DECL
5 oblatio offering NOUN, NOM.SG.F, 3RD DECL
6 est is VERB, 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
7 de from PREP+ABL
8 ovibus sheep NOUN, ABL.PL.F, 3RD DECL
9 sive or CONJ
10 de from PREP+ABL
11 capris goats NOUN, ABL.PL.F, 1ST DECL (irregular plural sense)
12 holocaustum holocaust NOUN, ACC.SG.N, 2ND DECL
13 masculum a male NOUN/ADJ, ACC.SG.M
14 absque without PREP+ABL
15 macula blemish NOUN, ABL.SG.F, 1ST DECL
16 offeret he shall offer VERB, 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND

Syntax

Conditional Frame: Quod si de pecoribus oblatio est — introduces a new regulation specifying the animal category for the sacrifice.
Prepositional Phrases: de ovibus and de capris — identify permissible sources: sheep or goats.
Accusative of Class/Designation: holocaustum — indicates the type of offering.
Main Clause: masculum absque macula offeret — prescribes the requirement: an unblemished male must be offered.
Prepositional Phrase of Exclusion: absque macula — specifies ritual fitness.

Morphology

  1. Quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: conjunction/pronominal marker; Form: neuter nominative singular; Function: introduces conditional clause; Translation: but if; Notes: idiomatic in legal Hebrew-influenced Latin.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: logical condition; Translation: if; Notes: marks alternative sacrificial rule.
  3. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: indicates the category of animals.
  4. pecoribus — Lemma: pecus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of de; Translation: flock animals; Notes: generic term covering small livestock.
  5. oblatio — Lemma: oblatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: offering; Notes: technical sacrificial term.
  6. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: forms simple predication.
  7. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: repeated for clarity.
  8. ovibus — Lemma: ovis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: sheep; Notes: standard sacrificial species.
  9. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: alternatives; Translation: or; Notes: indicates permitted options.
  10. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: links to capris.
  11. capris — Lemma: capra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: goats; Notes: often used for burnt offerings.
  12. holocaustum — Lemma: holocaustum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: classification; Translation: holocaust; Notes: “whole-burnt offering.”
  13. masculum — Lemma: masculus; Part of Speech: adjective/noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: a male; Notes: expresses mandatory sex requirement.
  14. absque — Lemma: absque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: exclusion; Translation: without; Notes: common in legal Latin.
  15. macula — Lemma: macula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of absque; Translation: blemish; Notes: refers to physical defect.
  16. offeret — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall offer; Notes: expresses required priestly action.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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