Leviticus 1:11

Posted on April 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 1:11 immolabitque ad latus altaris, quod respicit ad Aquilonem, coram Domino: sanguinem vero illius fundent super altare filii Aaron per circuitum:

and he shall slaughter it at the side of the altar that faces toward the north, before the LORD; but its blood the sons of Aaron shall pour out upon the altar all around;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 immolabitque and he shall slaughter VERB, 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND + ENCLITIC -QUE
2 ad at / toward PREP+ACC
3 latus side NOUN, ACC.SG.N, 4TH DECL
4 altaris of the altar NOUN, GEN.SG.N, 3RD DECL
5 quod which PRON, NOM.SG.N, REL
6 respicit faces VERB, 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
7 ad toward PREP+ACC
8 Aquilonem the north NOUN, ACC.SG.M, 3RD DECL
9 coram before PREP+ABL
10 Domino the LORD NOUN, ABL.SG.M, 2ND DECL
11 sanguinem blood NOUN, ACC.SG.M, 3RD DECL
12 vero but / however ADV, INDECL
13 illius its PRON, GEN.SG.M/N, DEM
14 fundent they shall pour VERB, 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
15 super upon PREP+ACC
16 altare the altar NOUN, ACC.SG.N, 3RD DECL
17 filii sons NOUN, NOM.PL.M, 2ND DECL
18 Aaron Aaron NOUN, GEN.SG.M, INDECL
19 per around PREP+ACC
20 circuitum circuit / surrounding NOUN, ACC.SG.M, 4TH DECL

Syntax

Main Clause 1: immolabitque ad latus altaris — specifies where the sacrifice is slaughtered.
Relative Clause: quod respicit ad Aquilonem — describes the northern-facing side of the altar.
Prepositional Phrase: coram Domino — the ritual is carried out “before the LORD.”
Main Clause 2: sanguinem vero illius fundent filii Aaron — the priests pour out the blood.
Prepositional Phrase: super altare — specifies where the blood is applied.
Adverbial Phrase: per circuitum — denotes distribution “all around.”

Morphology

  1. immolabitque — Lemma: immolo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative + enclitic -que; Function: main ritual action; Translation: and he shall slaughter; Notes: standard sacrificial verb.
  2. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses location; Translation: at; Notes: indicates spatial relation to altar.
  3. latus — Lemma: latus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of ad; Translation: side; Notes: a specific side prescribed by ritual law.
  4. altaris — Lemma: altare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the altar; Notes: identifies the altar and its orientation.
  5. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of respicit; Translation: which; Notes: agrees with latus.
  6. respicit — Lemma: respicio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: describes orientation; Translation: faces toward; Notes: directional verb.
  7. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction; Translation: toward; Notes: introduces direction of orientation.
  8. Aquilonem — Lemma: Aquilo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: the north; Notes: north side was ritually significant.
  9. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses presence; Translation: before; Notes: cultic legal formula.
  10. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of coram; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  11. sanguinem — Lemma: sanguis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of fundent; Translation: blood; Notes: primary element in sacrificial rites.
  12. vero — Lemma: vero; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: contrastive marker; Translation: but; Notes: shifts focus to blood ritual.
  13. illius — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine/neuter; Function: possessive; Translation: its; Notes: refers to the sacrificed animal.
  14. fundent — Lemma: fundo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future active indicative; Function: priestly action; Translation: they shall pour out; Notes: describes ritual application of blood.
  15. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: spatial; Translation: upon; Notes: indicates place of blood application.
  16. altare — Lemma: altare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of super; Translation: altar; Notes: central focus of sacrificial rite.
  17. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of fundent; Translation: sons; Notes: identifies priestly agents.
  18. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive of relationship; Translation: of Aaron; Notes: refers to the priestly lineage.
  19. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses distribution; Translation: around; Notes: indicates circumferential action.
  20. circuitum — Lemma: circuitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of per; Translation: circuit / surrounding; Notes: emphasizes complete encircling of altar.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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