Leviticus 13:4

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:4 Sin autem lucens candor fuerit in cute, nec humilior carne reliqua, et pili coloris pristini, recludet eum sacerdos septem diebus,

But if there shall be a shining whiteness in the skin, and it is not lower than the remaining flesh, and the hairs are of their former color, the priest shall confine him for seven days,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sin but if CONJ
2 autem however ADV
3 lucens shining NOM.SG.N PTCP.PRES.ACT
4 candor whiteness NOM.SG.M
5 fuerit has been 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
6 in in PREP+ABL
7 cute skin ABL.SG.F
8 nec and not CONJ
9 humilior lower NOM.SG.M ADJ.CMPR
10 carne flesh ABL.SG.F
11 reliqua remaining ABL.SG.F ADJ.POS
12 et and CONJ
13 pili hairs NOM.PL.M
14 coloris of color GEN.SG.M
15 pristini former GEN.SG.M ADJ.POS
16 recludet will confine 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
17 eum him ACC.SG.M PERS.PRON
18 sacerdos priest NOM.SG.M
19 septem seven INDECL NUM
20 diebus days ABL.PL.M

Syntax

Conditional Clause: Sin autem lucens candor fuerit in cute introduces an alternative diagnostic scenario marked by contrastive conjunctions.
Negative Comparison: nec humilior carne reliqua denies the key indicator of severity by comparative assessment.
Coordinated Condition: et pili coloris pristini supplies an additional qualifying sign indicating normality.
Main Clause: recludet eum sacerdos states the priestly action.
Temporal Limitation: septem diebus expresses the fixed duration of confinement.

Morphology

  1. Sin — Lemma: sin; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: conditional; Function: introduces alternative case; Translation: but if; Notes: Marks contrast with prior ruling.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: adds contrast; Translation: however; Notes: Reinforces opposition.
  3. lucens — Lemma: luceo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular neuter present active; Function: modifies candor; Translation: shining; Notes: Describes visible brightness.
  4. candor — Lemma: candor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of fuerit; Translation: whiteness; Notes: Diagnostic coloration.
  5. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of conditional clause; Translation: has been; Notes: Subjunctive used in conditional assessment.
  6. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: marks location; Translation: in; Notes: Specifies bodily site.
  7. cute — Lemma: cutis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: skin; Notes: External tissue.
  8. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins negative condition; Translation: and not; Notes: Negates expected sign.
  9. humilior — Lemma: humilis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine comparative; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: lower; Notes: Indicates depth comparison.
  10. carne — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: standard of comparison; Translation: flesh; Notes: Reference tissue.
  11. reliqua — Lemma: reliquus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine positive; Function: modifies carne; Translation: remaining; Notes: Healthy tissue baseline.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates conditions; Translation: and; Notes: Adds second criterion.
  13. pili — Lemma: pilus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of implied esse; Translation: hairs; Notes: Visual indicator.
  14. coloris — Lemma: color; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies pili; Translation: of color; Notes: Specifies attribute.
  15. pristini — Lemma: pristinus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive singular masculine positive; Function: modifies coloris; Translation: former; Notes: Indicates unchanged state.
  16. recludet — Lemma: recludo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: will confine; Notes: Temporary isolation order.
  17. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: him; Notes: Refers to examined man.
  18. sacerdos — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of recludet; Translation: priest; Notes: Authorized examiner.
  19. septem — Lemma: septem; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies diebus; Translation: seven; Notes: Fixed diagnostic period.
  20. diebus — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: expresses duration; Translation: days; Notes: Temporal measure.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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