Leviticus 16:6

Posted on April 16, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 16:6 Cumque obtulerit vitulum, et oraverit pro se et pro domo sua,

And when he has offered the calf, and has prayed for himself and for his household,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and-when CONJ+CONJ
2 obtulerit he-has-offered 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
3 vitulum calf ACC.SG.M
4 et and CONJ
5 oraverit he-has-prayed 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
6 pro for PREP+ABL
7 se himself ABL.SG.M.PRON.REFL
8 et and CONJ
9 pro for PREP+ABL
10 domo household ABL.SG.F
11 sua his-own ABL.SG.F.POSS

Syntax

Temporal Clause: Cumque obtulerit … et oraverit — circumstantial temporal clause introduced by cum with enclitic coordination
Verb Series: obtulerit + oraverit — coordinated perfect subjunctives expressing completed prerequisites
Direct Object: vitulum — object of obtulerit
Benefactive Phrases: pro se + pro domo sua — parallel prepositional phrases indicating those for whom intercession is made

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction with enclitic conjunction; Form: temporal conjunction + enclitic -que; Function: introduces a circumstantial temporal clause linked to prior instructions; Translation: and when; Notes: The enclitic tightly connects this clause to the preceding sequence.
  2. obtulerit — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of the temporal clause; Translation: he has offered; Notes: Perfect subjunctive marks a completed act required before the next step.
  3. vitulum — Lemma: vitulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular, second declension; Function: direct object of obtulerit; Translation: calf; Notes: Refers to the prescribed sin-offering animal.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates verbs; Translation: and; Notes: Links the acts of offering and praying.
  5. oraverit — Lemma: oro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: second verb of the temporal clause; Translation: he has prayed; Notes: Prayer accompanies sacrifice as an act of intercession.
  6. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: expresses benefit or representation; Translation: for; Notes: Common in intercessory contexts.
  7. se — Lemma: se; Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: object of pro; Translation: himself; Notes: Refers back to the acting priest.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates prepositional phrases; Translation: and; Notes: Joins the two beneficiaries.
  9. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: expresses benefit; Translation: for; Notes: Repeated for clarity and balance.
  10. domo — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular, irregular declension; Function: object of pro; Translation: household; Notes: Encompasses the priest’s family unit.
  11. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: modifies domo; Translation: his own; Notes: Reflexive possession tied to the subject.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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