Leviticus 16:9

Posted on April 16, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 16:9 cuius exierit sors Domino, offeret illum pro peccato:

he whose lot has gone out for the LORD, he shall offer him for sin;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 cuius whose GEN.SG.M.REL
2 exierit has-gone-out 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
3 sors lot NOM.SG.F
4 Domino LORD DAT.SG.M
5 offeret he-shall-offer 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
6 illum him ACC.SG.M.DEM
7 pro for PREP+ABL
8 peccato sin ABL.SG.N

Syntax

Relative Clause: cuius exierit sors Domino — identifies the goat by divine selection, with exierit as a perfect subjunctive in a defining relative clause
Main Clause: offeret (verb) + illum (direct object)
Purpose Phrase: pro peccato — designates the sacrificial function as a sin offering

Morphology

  1. cuius — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: introduces a defining relative clause; Translation: whose; Notes: Refers back to one of the two goats.
  2. exierit — Lemma: exeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: has gone out; Notes: Subjunctive reflects the relative clause’s descriptive character.
  3. sors — Lemma: sors; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative feminine singular, third declension; Function: subject of exierit; Translation: lot; Notes: Instrument of divine choice.
  4. Domino — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: dative of advantage/assignment; Translation: LORD; Notes: Rendered “LORD” because it refers to YHWH.
  5. offeret — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb of the sentence; Translation: he shall offer; Notes: States the mandated ritual action.
  6. illum — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: direct object of offeret; Translation: him; Notes: Points back to the goat selected by lot.
  7. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: expresses purpose; Translation: for; Notes: Standard sacrificial idiom.
  8. peccato — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular, second declension; Function: object of pro; Translation: sin; Notes: Specifies the offering as expiatory.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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