Leviticus 17:12

Posted on April 17, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 17:12 Idcirco dixi filiis Israel: Omnis anima ex vobis non comedet sanguinem, nec ex advenis, qui peregrinantur apud vos.

For this reason I said to the sons of Israel: ‘Every soul from among you shall not eat blood, nor from the sojourners who sojourn among you.’

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Idcirco for-this-reason ADV
2 dixi I-said 1SG.PERF.ACT.IND
3 filiis to-the-sons DAT.PL.M
4 Israel Israel INDECL.NOUN
5 Omnis every NOM.SG.F
6 anima soul NOM.SG.F
7 ex from PREP+ABL
8 vobis you ABL.PL.PRON.PERS
9 non not ADV
10 comedet shall-eat 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
11 sanguinem blood ACC.SG.M
12 nec nor CONJ
13 ex from PREP+ABL
14 advenis sojourners ABL.PL.M
15 qui who NOM.PL.M.REL
16 peregrinantur sojourn 3PL.PRES.DEP.IND
17 apud among PREP+ACC
18 vos you ACC.PL.PRON.PERS

Syntax

Causal Adverb: Idcirco — grounds the command in the prior rationale
Main Verb: dixi — authoritative declaration
Indirect Object: filiis Israel — addressed community
Subject: Omnis anima — universal scope of obligation
Partitive Phrase: ex vobis — members of Israel
Prohibition: non comedet sanguinem — absolute ban
Negative Addition: nec ex advenis — inclusion of resident foreigners
Relative Clause: qui peregrinantur apud vos — defines the sojourners’ status

Morphology

  1. Idcirco — Lemma: idcirco; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: causal connector; Translation: for this reason; Notes: Draws inference from the preceding explanation.
  2. dixi — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular perfect indicative active; Function: main predicate; Translation: I said; Notes: Formal proclamation.
  3. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative masculine plural, second declension; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the sons; Notes: Corporate address.
  4. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitive in sense with filiis; Translation: Israel; Notes: Covenant people.
  5. Omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: modifies anima; Translation: every; Notes: Totalizing scope.
  6. anima — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative feminine singular, first declension; Function: subject; Translation: soul; Notes: The living person.
  7. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: partitive source; Translation: from; Notes: Specifies membership.
  8. vobis — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: ablative plural; Function: object of ex; Translation: you; Notes: Israelites addressed.
  9. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Absolute prohibition.
  10. comedet — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: predicate; Translation: shall eat; Notes: Legal future expressing command.
  11. sanguinem — Lemma: sanguis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular, third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: blood; Notes: Forbidden substance.
  12. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: negative coordination; Translation: nor; Notes: Extends the prohibition.
  13. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: partitive source; Translation: from; Notes: Parallel to earlier construction.
  14. advenis — Lemma: advena; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine plural, first declension; Function: object of ex; Translation: sojourners; Notes: Resident foreigners.
  15. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine plural; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers to advenis.
  16. peregrinantur — Lemma: peregrinor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present indicative deponent; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: sojourn; Notes: Deponent verb indicating resident status.
  17. apud — Lemma: apud; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: proximity/association; Translation: among; Notes: Denotes close presence.
  18. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: object of apud; Translation: you; Notes: Israel as host community.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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