Leviticus 17:11

Posted on April 17, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 17:11 quia anima carnis in sanguine est: et ego dedi illum vobis, ut super altare in eo expietis pro animabus vestris, et sanguis pro animæ piaculo sit.

for the life of the flesh is in the blood; and I myself have given it to you, so that upon the altar you may make atonement with it for your lives, and the blood shall be for atonement for the life.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 quia for CONJ
2 anima life NOM.SG.F
3 carnis of-the-flesh GEN.SG.F
4 in in PREP+ABL
5 sanguine blood ABL.SG.M
6 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
7 et and CONJ
8 ego I NOM.SG.PRON.PERS
9 dedi I-have-given 1SG.PERF.ACT.IND
10 illum it ACC.SG.M.PRON.DEM
11 vobis to-you DAT.PL.PRON.PERS
12 ut so-that CONJ
13 super upon PREP+ACC
14 altare altar ACC.SG.N
15 in with PREP+ABL
16 eo it ABL.SG.M.PRON.DEM
17 expietis you-may-make-atonement 2PL.PRES.SUBJ.ACT
18 pro for PREP+ABL
19 animabus lives ABL.PL.F
20 vestris your ABL.PL.F.PRON.POSS
21 et and CONJ
22 sanguis blood NOM.SG.M
23 pro for PREP+ABL
24 animæ life GEN.SG.F
25 piaculo atonement ABL.SG.N
26 sit may-be 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.ACT

Syntax

Causal Clause: quia anima carnis in sanguine est — theological ground for the prohibition
Main Declaration: ego dedi illum vobis — divine gift of the blood
Purpose Clause: ut … expietis — sacrificial function assigned
Locative Instrument: super altare in eo — place and means of atonement
Beneficiary Phrase: pro animabus vestris — those for whom atonement is made
Result Statement: et sanguis … sit — blood’s appointed expiatory role

Morphology

  1. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: causal connector; Translation: for; Notes: Introduces the rationale.
  2. anima — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative feminine singular, first declension; Function: subject; Translation: life; Notes: Life-principle of the flesh.
  3. carnis — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive feminine singular, third declension; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: of the flesh; Notes: Specifies embodied life.
  4. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates containment.
  5. sanguine — Lemma: sanguis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular, third declension; Function: object of in; Translation: blood; Notes: Seat of life.
  6. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: States an ontological fact.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Adds a divine declaration.
  8. ego — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: subject; Translation: I; Notes: Emphatic divine speaker.
  9. dedi — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular perfect indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: I have given; Notes: Completed divine grant.
  10. illum — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: it; Notes: Refers to the blood.
  11. vobis — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: indirect object; Translation: to you; Notes: Recipients are Israel.
  12. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: purpose marker; Translation: so that; Notes: Introduces intended use.
  13. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: upon; Notes: Indicates altar placement.
  14. altare — Lemma: altare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular, third declension; Function: object of super; Translation: altar; Notes: Place of expiation.
  15. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: instrument; Translation: with; Notes: Instrumental sense.
  16. eo — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: object of in; Translation: it; Notes: The blood as means.
  17. expietis — Lemma: expio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural present subjunctive active; Function: verb of purpose; Translation: you may make atonement; Notes: Cultic expiation.
  18. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: substitution/benefit; Translation: for; Notes: Marks beneficiary.
  19. animabus — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine plural, first declension; Function: object of pro; Translation: lives; Notes: Persons represented.
  20. vestris — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: modifies animabus; Translation: your; Notes: Refers to Israel.
  21. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Introduces a result statement.
  22. sanguis — Lemma: sanguis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular, third declension; Function: subject; Translation: blood; Notes: The expiatory medium.
  23. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: purpose/benefit; Translation: for; Notes: Indicates substitution.
  24. animæ — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive feminine singular, first declension; Function: objective genitive; Translation: of life; Notes: Life that is ransomed.
  25. piaculo — Lemma: piaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular, second declension; Function: object of pro; Translation: atonement; Notes: Means of expiation.
  26. sit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present subjunctive active; Function: jussive/result; Translation: may be; Notes: States appointed function.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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