Leviticus 26:44

Posted on April 26, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 26:44 Et tamen etiam cum essent in terra hostili, non penitus abieci eos, neque sic despexi ut consumerentur, et irritum facerent pactum meum cum eis. Ego enim sum Dominus Deus eorum,

And yet even when they were in a hostile land, I did not utterly cast them off, nor so despise them that they should be consumed and annul my covenant with them. For I am the LORD their God,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 tamen yet ADV
3 etiam even ADV
4 cum when CONJ
5 essent they were 3PL.IMPF.SUBJ.ACT
6 in in PREP+ABL
7 terra land ABL.SG.F.1ST.DECL
8 hostili hostile ABL.SG.F.ADJ
9 non not ADV
10 penitus utterly ADV
11 abieci I cast off 1SG.PERF.IND.ACT
12 eos them ACC.PL.PERS.PRON
13 neque nor CONJ
14 sic so ADV
15 despexi I despised 1SG.PERF.IND.ACT
16 ut that CONJ
17 consumerentur they should be consumed 3PL.IMPF.SUBJ.PASS
18 et and CONJ
19 irritum void ACC.SG.N.ADJ
20 facerent they should make 3PL.IMPF.SUBJ.ACT
21 pactum covenant ACC.SG.N.2ND.DECL
22 meum my ACC.SG.N.POSS.ADJ
23 cum with PREP+ABL
24 eis them ABL.PL.PERS.PRON
25 Ego I NOM.SG.PERS.PRON
26 enim for ADV
27 sum am 1SG.PRES.IND.ACT
28 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M.2ND.DECL
29 Deus God NOM.SG.M.2ND.DECL
30 eorum their GEN.PL.PERS.PRON

Syntax

Concessive Clause: cum essent in terra hostili — imperfect subjunctive in a concessive-temporal clause describing exile.
Main Negated Actions: non penitus abieci eos and neque sic despexi — coordinated perfect verbs expressing restrained judgment.
Result Clause: ut consumerentur et irritum facerent pactum meum cum eis — imperfect subjunctives indicating what did not occur.
Grounding Declaration: Ego enim sum Dominus Deus eorum — nominal clause providing theological reason.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links restoration to prior warning.
  2. tamen — Lemma: tamen; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: adversative emphasis; Translation: yet; Notes: Signals mercy despite judgment.
  3. etiam — Lemma: etiam; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: intensifier; Translation: even; Notes: Heightens the concession.
  4. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: concessive-temporal; Translation: when; Notes: Introduces exile context.
  5. essent — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of concessive clause; Translation: they were; Notes: Subjunctive after cum.
  6. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: Marks place of exile.
  7. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine, first declension; Function: object of in; Translation: land; Notes: Foreign territory.
  8. hostili — Lemma: hostilis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies terra; Translation: hostile; Notes: Characterizes the land as enemy territory.
  9. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Negates the verb.
  10. penitus — Lemma: penitus; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: degree; Translation: utterly; Notes: Emphasizes totality.
  11. abieci — Lemma: abicio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular perfect indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: I cast off; Notes: Expresses decisive action denied here.
  12. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: direct object; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to Israel.
  13. neque — Lemma: neque; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: negative coordination; Translation: nor; Notes: Links second negation.
  14. sic — Lemma: sic; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: manner; Translation: so; Notes: Modifies despexi.
  15. despexi — Lemma: despicio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular perfect indicative active; Function: coordinated verb; Translation: I despised; Notes: Denied extreme rejection.
  16. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: result; Translation: that; Notes: Introduces result clause.
  17. consumerentur — Lemma: consumo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect subjunctive passive; Function: verb of result clause; Translation: they should be consumed; Notes: Potential total destruction.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links parallel results.
  19. irritum — Lemma: irritus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: predicate complement; Translation: void; Notes: Describes nullification.
  20. facerent — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of result clause; Translation: they should make; Notes: With irritum forms idiom “make void.”
  21. pactum — Lemma: pactum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, second declension; Function: direct object; Translation: covenant; Notes: Synonymous with fœdus.
  22. meum — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies pactum; Translation: my; Notes: Divine covenant.
  23. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: association; Translation: with; Notes: Introduces covenant partners.
  24. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: ablative plural; Function: object of cum; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to Israel.
  25. Ego — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: emphatic subject; Translation: I; Notes: Emphasizes divine authority.
  26. enim — Lemma: enim; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: explanatory; Translation: for; Notes: Provides reason.
  27. sum — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: am; Notes: States enduring identity.
  28. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, second declension; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: LORD; Notes: Title referring to YHWH.
  29. Deus — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, second declension; Function: appositional predicate; Translation: God; Notes: Identifies covenant relationship.
  30. eorum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: genitive plural; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: their; Notes: Marks enduring covenant bond.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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