Leviticus 9:18

Posted on April 9, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 9:18 Immolavit et bovem atque arietem, hostias pacificas populi: obtuleruntque ei filii sui sanguinem, quem fudit super altare in circuitum.

And he sacrificed the bull and the ram, the peace offerings of the people; and his sons offered to him the blood, which he poured upon the altar all around.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Immolavit he sacrificed 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 et and CONJ
3 bovem bull ACC.SG.M
4 atque and CONJ
5 arietem ram ACC.SG.M
6 hostias offerings ACC.PL.F
7 pacificas peace ACC.PL.F
8 populi of the people GEN.SG.M
9 obtuleruntque and they offered 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND+CONJ
10 ei to him DAT.SG.M
11 filii sons NOM.PL.M
12 sui his NOM.PL.M.POSS
13 sanguinem blood ACC.SG.M
14 quem which ACC.SG.M.REL
15 fudit he poured 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
16 super upon PREP+ACC
17 altare altar ACC.SG.N
18 in in PREP+ACC
19 circuitum around ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Main Verb: Immolavit — principal sacrificial act
Direct Objects: bovem atque arietem — the animals offered
Appositional Phrase: hostias pacificas populi — identifies the offerings as peace offerings for the people
Coordinated Clause: obtuleruntque ei filii sui sanguinem — assistance by Aaron’s sons
Relative Clause: quem fudit super altare in circuitum — ritual application of the blood

Morphology

  1. Immolavit — Lemma: immolo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he sacrificed; Notes: Formal act of offering.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links the two victims.
  3. bovem — Lemma: bos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: bull; Notes: Larger animal of the peace offering.
  4. atque — Lemma: atque; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: close coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Tightly joins the paired victims.
  5. arietem — Lemma: aries; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: ram; Notes: Companion victim in the offering.
  6. hostias — Lemma: hostia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine plural first declension; Function: apposition; Translation: offerings; Notes: Identifies the nature of the animals.
  7. pacificas — Lemma: pacificus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: modifies hostias; Translation: peace; Notes: Refers to communion offerings.
  8. populi — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive masculine singular second declension; Function: modifies hostias; Translation: of the people; Notes: Indicates communal scope.
  9. obtuleruntque — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb with enclitic conjunction; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative; Function: coordinated verb; Translation: and they offered; Notes: Assistance by the priests’ sons.
  10. ei — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: to him; Notes: Refers to Aaron.
  11. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine plural second declension; Function: subject; Translation: sons; Notes: Aaron’s sons serving as assistants.
  12. sui — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: nominative masculine plural; Function: modifies filii; Translation: his; Notes: Reflexive reference to Aaron.
  13. sanguinem — Lemma: sanguis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: blood; Notes: Essential ritual element.
  14. quem — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of fudit; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to the blood.
  15. fudit — Lemma: fundo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: he poured; Notes: Application of blood to the altar.
  16. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the accusative; Function: location; Translation: upon; Notes: Placement atop the altar.
  17. altare — Lemma: altare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular third declension; Function: object of super; Translation: altar; Notes: Sacred structure receiving the blood.
  18. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the accusative; Function: extent; Translation: in; Notes: Introduces the surrounding motion.
  19. circuitum — Lemma: circuitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular fourth declension; Function: object of in; Translation: around; Notes: Indicates the full perimeter.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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