Numeri 11:10 (Numbers 11:10)

Posted on May 8, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 11:10 Audivit ergo Moyses flentem populum per familias, singulos per ostia tentorii sui. Iratusque est furor Domini valde: sed et Moysi intoleranda res visa est.

Therefore Moyses heard the people weeping by families, each one at the entrances of his tent. And the anger of the LORD was very much kindled, and the matter was seen intolerable also to Moyses.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Audivit heard 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 ergo therefore ADV
3 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
4 flentem weeping ACC.SG.M.PTCP.PRES.ACT
5 populum people ACC.SG.M
6 per through PREP+ACC
7 familias families ACC.PL.F
8 singulos each ACC.PL.M
9 per through PREP+ACC
10 ostia entrances ACC.PL.N
11 tentorii of the tent GEN.SG.N
12 sui his GEN.SG.REFL.PRON
13 Iratusque and angered NOM.SG.M.PTCP.PERF.PASS
14 est was 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
15 furor anger NOM.SG.M
16 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
17 valde greatly ADV
18 sed but CONJ
19 et also CONJ
20 Moysi to Moses DAT.SG.M
21 intoleranda intolerable NOM.SG.F.GERUNDV
22 res thing NOM.SG.F
23 visa was seen NOM.SG.F.PTCP.PERF.PASS
24 est was 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND

Syntax

Main Clause: Moyses is the subject, Audivit the verb, and populum flentem forms the accusative object with participle describing the state.

Distributive Phrases: per familias and singulos per ostia tentorii sui describe distribution and location, indicating each individual at his own tent entrance.

Second Clause: furor Domini is the subject, with Iratus est forming a periphrastic expression of anger, intensified by valde.

Final Clause: res intoleranda visa est Moysi uses a passive construction where res is subject, intoleranda is a gerundive expressing necessity or quality, and Moysi is the dative of reference.

Morphology

  1. Audivit — Lemma: audio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: heard; Notes: completed action in narrative sequence.
  2. ergo — Lemma: ergo; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: connective; Translation: therefore; Notes: draws inference from previous context.
  3. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Moyses; Notes: leader of Israel.
  4. flentem — Lemma: fleo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative singular masculine present active; Function: modifies populum; Translation: weeping; Notes: expresses ongoing action.
  5. populum — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: people; Notes: collective noun.
  6. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: distributive expression; Translation: through; Notes: indicates distribution.
  7. familias — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: families; Notes: grouping of people.
  8. singulos — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: distributive modifier; Translation: each; Notes: emphasizes individuality.
  9. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: introduces location; Translation: through; Notes: spatial/distributive nuance.
  10. ostia — Lemma: ostium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of per; Translation: entrances; Notes: literal thresholds.
  11. tentorii — Lemma: tentorium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies ostia; Translation: of the tent; Notes: dwelling place.
  12. sui — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun; Form: genitive singular; Function: modifies tentorii; Translation: his; Notes: refers back to subject of clause.
  13. Iratusque — Lemma: irascor; Part of Speech: participle + conjunction; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive with enclitic -que; Function: predicate element; Translation: and angered; Notes: conveys state resulting from anger.
  14. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: was; Notes: forms periphrastic tense.
  15. furor — Lemma: furor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: anger; Notes: intense emotional state.
  16. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  17. valde — Lemma: valde; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies verb; Translation: greatly; Notes: intensifies the action.
  18. sed — Lemma: sed; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: contrast; Translation: but; Notes: introduces contrast.
  19. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: addition; Translation: also; Notes: adds element.
  20. Moysi — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: dative of reference; Translation: to Moyses; Notes: indicates perspective.
  21. intoleranda — Lemma: intolerandus; Part of Speech: gerundive; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: modifies res; Translation: intolerable; Notes: expresses necessity or quality.
  22. res — Lemma: res; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: matter; Notes: refers to situation.
  23. visa — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular feminine perfect passive; Function: predicate with est; Translation: was seen; Notes: forms passive perception.
  24. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: was; Notes: completes passive construction.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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