Numeri 14:14 (Numbers 14:14)

Posted on May 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 14:14 et habitatores Terræ huius, qui audierunt quod tu Domine in populo isto sis, et facie videaris ad faciem, et nubes tua protegat illos, et in columna nubis præcedas eos per diem, et in columna ignis per noctem:

and the inhabitants of this land, who have heard that you, O LORD, are in this people, and that you are seen face to face, and that your cloud protects them, and that you go before them in a pillar of cloud by day, and in a pillar of fire by night;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 habitatores inhabitants NOM.PL.M.NOUN
3 Terræ of the land GEN.SG.F.NOUN
4 huius this GEN.SG.F.DEM.PRON
5 qui who NOM.PL.M.REL.PRON
6 audierunt have heard 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
7 quod that CONJ
8 tu you NOM.SG.PERS.PRON
9 Domine LORD VOC.SG.M.NOUN
10 in in PREP+ABL
11 populo people ABL.SG.M.NOUN
12 isto this ABL.SG.M.DEM.PRON
13 sis you may be 2SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
14 et and CONJ
15 facie face ABL.SG.F.NOUN
16 videaris you are seen 2SG.PRES.PASS.SUBJ
17 ad to PREP+ACC
18 faciem face ACC.SG.F.NOUN
19 et and CONJ
20 nubes cloud NOM.SG.F.NOUN
21 tua your NOM.SG.F.POSS.PRON
22 protegat may protect 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
23 illos them ACC.PL.M.PERS.PRON
24 et and CONJ
25 in in PREP+ABL
26 columna pillar ABL.SG.F.NOUN
27 nubis of cloud GEN.SG.F.NOUN
28 præcedas you go before 2SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
29 eos them ACC.PL.M.PERS.PRON
30 per through PREP+ACC
31 diem day ACC.SG.M.NOUN
32 et and CONJ
33 in in PREP+ABL
34 columna pillar ABL.SG.F.NOUN
35 ignis of fire GEN.SG.M.NOUN
36 per through PREP+ACC
37 noctem night ACC.SG.F.NOUN

Syntax

Main Clause (continued speech): habitatores Terræ huius is the subject of the larger thought, coordinated with prior clause.

Relative Clause: qui audierunt modifies habitatores, introducing reported knowledge.

Object Clause: quod tu Domine in populo isto sis — tu is subject; sis is subjunctive verb.

Coordinated Subjunctive Clauses:
facie videaris ad faciem
nubes tua protegat illos
in columna nubis præcedas eos per diem
in columna ignis per noctem

All describe divine presence and guidance.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connective; Translation: and; Notes: Continues the speech.
  2. habitatores — Lemma: habitator; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine third declension; Function: subject; Translation: inhabitants; Notes: Refers to local population.
  3. Terræ — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the land; Notes: Specifies location.
  4. huius — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies Terræ; Translation: this; Notes: Points to present land.
  5. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers back to inhabitants.
  6. audierunt — Lemma: audio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative; Function: verb; Translation: have heard; Notes: Indicates completed perception.
  7. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces object clause; Translation: that; Notes: Begins reported statement.
  8. tu — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: subject; Translation: you; Notes: Emphasizes subject.
  9. Domine — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: vocative singular masculine; Function: direct address; Translation: LORD; Notes: Vocative form.
  10. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: takes ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates presence.
  11. populo — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: people; Notes: Refers to Israel.
  12. isto — Lemma: iste; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies populo; Translation: this; Notes: Slightly emphatic.
  13. sis — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular present subjunctive; Function: verb of clause; Translation: you are; Notes: Subjunctive in indirect statement.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links clauses.
  15. facie — Lemma: facies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of manner; Translation: face; Notes: Part of idiom.
  16. videaris — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular present passive subjunctive; Function: verb; Translation: you are seen; Notes: Subjunctive in reported clause.
  17. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: takes accusative; Function: direction; Translation: to; Notes: Part of idiom.
  18. faciem — Lemma: facies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of ad; Translation: face; Notes: Completes idiom “face to face.”
  19. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Continues description.
  20. nubes — Lemma: nubes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: cloud; Notes: Symbol of presence.
  21. tua — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: modifies nubes; Translation: your; Notes: Indicates divine possession.
  22. protegat — Lemma: protego; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present subjunctive; Function: verb; Translation: may protect; Notes: Subjunctive in indirect clause.
  23. illos — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to Israel.
  24. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Continues sequence.
  25. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: takes ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates medium.
  26. columna — Lemma: columna; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: pillar; Notes: Medium of guidance.
  27. nubis — Lemma: nubes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies columna; Translation: of cloud; Notes: Specifies type.
  28. præcedas — Lemma: præcedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular present subjunctive; Function: verb; Translation: you go before; Notes: Subjunctive in indirect clause.
  29. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to Israel.
  30. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: takes accusative; Function: temporal; Translation: through; Notes: Indicates duration.
  31. diem — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of per; Translation: day; Notes: Daytime guidance.
  32. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Continues pattern.
  33. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: takes ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates medium.
  34. columna — Lemma: columna; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: pillar; Notes: Parallel structure.
  35. ignis — Lemma: ignis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies columna; Translation: of fire; Notes: Night guidance.
  36. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: takes accusative; Function: temporal; Translation: through; Notes: Indicates duration.
  37. noctem — Lemma: nox; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: night; Notes: Completes parallelism.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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