Numeri 14:38 (Numbers 14:38)

Posted on May 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 14:38 Iosue autem filius Nun, et Caleb filius Iephone vixerunt ex omnibus, qui perrexerant ad considerandam Terram.

But Josue son of Nun, and Caleb son of Jephone, lived from among all those who had gone to explore the Land.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Iosue Joshua NOM.SG.M.INDECL
2 autem but CONJ
3 filius son NOM.SG.M
4 Nun Nun GEN.SG.M.INDECL
5 et and CONJ
6 Caleb Caleb NOM.SG.M.INDECL
7 filius son NOM.SG.M
8 Iephone Jephunneh GEN.SG.M.INDECL
9 vixerunt they lived 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
10 ex from PREP+ABL
11 omnibus all ABL.PL.M
12 qui who REL.NOM.PL.M
13 perrexerant had gone 3PL.PLUP.ACT.IND
14 ad to PREP+ACC
15 considerandam to be explored GERUNDV.ACC.SG.F
16 Terram the Land ACC.SG.F

Syntax

Main Clause: Iosue filius Nun et Caleb filius Iephone form a compound subject, with vixerunt as the main verb.

Prepositional Phrase: ex omnibus indicates separation, meaning “from among all.”

Relative Clause: qui perrexerant ad considerandam Terram modifies omnibus, describing those who had gone to explore the Land.

Purpose Phrase: ad considerandam Terram expresses purpose using a gerundive construction.

Morphology

  1. Iosue — Lemma: Iosue; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Nominative masculine singular indeclinable; Function: Part of compound subject; Translation: Iosue; Notes: One of the two individuals who survived.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating conjunction; Function: Introduces contrast; Translation: but; Notes: Typically placed second in Latin clause.
  3. filius — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative masculine singular, second declension; Function: Apposition to Iosue; Translation: son; Notes: Identifies lineage.
  4. Nun — Lemma: Nun; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Genitive masculine singular indeclinable; Function: Modifies filius; Translation: Nun; Notes: Indicates father of Iosue.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects subjects; Translation: and; Notes: Joins two individuals.
  6. Caleb — Lemma: Caleb; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Nominative masculine singular indeclinable; Function: Second part of compound subject; Translation: Caleb; Notes: Second individual who survived.
  7. filius — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative masculine singular; Function: Apposition to Caleb; Translation: son; Notes: Indicates lineage.
  8. Iephone — Lemma: Iephone; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Genitive masculine singular indeclinable; Function: Modifies filius; Translation: Iephone; Notes: Indicates father of Caleb.
  9. vixerunt — Lemma: vivo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Third person plural perfect active indicative, third conjugation; Function: Main verb; Translation: they lived; Notes: Indicates survival in contrast to others.
  10. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Preposition governing ablative; Function: Introduces separation; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates origin or source.
  11. omnibus — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective used substantively; Form: Ablative masculine plural; Function: Object of ex; Translation: all; Notes: Refers to the entire group.
  12. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: Nominative masculine plural; Function: Subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers back to omnibus.
  13. perrexerant — Lemma: pergo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Third person plural pluperfect active indicative, third conjugation; Function: Verb of relative clause; Translation: had gone; Notes: Indicates action prior to main verb.
  14. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Preposition governing accusative; Function: Introduces purpose; Translation: to; Notes: Used with gerundive construction.
  15. considerandam — Lemma: considero; Part of Speech: Gerundive; Form: Accusative feminine singular; Function: Modifies Terram; Translation: to be explored; Notes: Expresses purpose or intended action.
  16. Terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative feminine singular, first declension; Function: Object of ad; Translation: the Land; Notes: Object of exploration.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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