Numeri 15:36 (Numbers 15:36)

Posted on May 12, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 15:36 Cumque eduxissent eum foras, obruerunt lapidibus, et mortuus est, sicut præceperat Dominus.

And when they had led him outside, they stoned him with stones, and he died, as the LORD had commanded.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ+ENCLITIC
2 eduxissent they had led out 3PL.PLUP.ACT.SUBJ
3 eum him ACC.SG.M.PERS.PRON
4 foras outside ADV
5 obruerunt they overwhelmed 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
6 lapidibus with stones ABL.PL.M.3RD DECL
7 et and CONJ
8 mortuus dead NOM.SG.M.PERF.PASS.PTCP
9 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
10 sicut as CONJ
11 præceperat he had commanded 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND
12 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M.2ND DECL

Syntax

Temporal Clause: Cumque eduxissent eum foras sets the background, “and when they had led him outside.”

Main Clause: obruerunt lapidibus describes the action of execution.

Result Clause: et mortuus est expresses the outcome.

Comparative Clause: sicut præceperat Dominus indicates conformity to the divine command.

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction with enclitic; Form: subordinating conjunction + enclitic -que; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: and when; Notes: Links sequence of events.
  2. eduxissent — Lemma: educo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural pluperfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: they had led out; Notes: Indicates completed action prior to main event.
  3. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: him; Notes: Refers to the condemned man.
  4. foras — Lemma: foras; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: adverb of place; Translation: outside; Notes: Indicates movement outward.
  5. obruerunt — Lemma: obruo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: they overwhelmed; Notes: Refers to stoning.
  6. lapidibus — Lemma: lapis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine third declension; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with stones; Notes: Specifies method of execution.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Continues narrative.
  8. mortuus — Lemma: morior; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect participle; Function: predicate; Translation: dead; Notes: Part of perfect passive construction.
  9. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary verb; Translation: is; Notes: Forms perfect tense with mortuus.
  10. sicut — Lemma: sicut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating conjunction; Function: introduces comparison; Translation: as; Notes: Indicates conformity.
  11. præceperat — Lemma: præcipio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular pluperfect active indicative; Function: verb of comparative clause; Translation: he had commanded; Notes: Refers to prior command.
  12. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine second declension; Function: subject; Translation: the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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