Numeri 16:27 (Numbers 16:27)

Posted on May 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 16:27 Cumque recessissent a tentoriis eorum per circuitum, Dathan et Abiron egressi stabant in introitu papilionum suorum cum uxoribus et liberis, omnique frequentia.

And when they had withdrawn from their tents all around, then Dathan and Abiron, having gone out, were standing at the entrance of their tents with their wives and children, and all the assembly.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ
2 recessissent they had withdrawn 3PL.PLUP.ACT.SUBJ
3 a from PREP+ABL
4 tentoriis tents ABL.PL.N
5 eorum their GEN.PL.POSS
6 per through PREP+ACC
7 circuitum around ACC.SG.M
8 Dathan Dathan NOM.SG.M
9 et and CONJ
10 Abiron Abiram NOM.SG.M
11 egressi having gone out NOM.PL.M.PTCP.PERF
12 stabant were standing 3PL.IMP.ACT.IND
13 in in PREP+ABL
14 introitu entrance ABL.SG.M
15 papilionum of tents GEN.PL.M
16 suorum their own GEN.PL.M.POSS
17 cum with PREP+ABL
18 uxoribus wives ABL.PL.F
19 et and CONJ
20 liberis children ABL.PL.M
21 omnique and all ABL.SG.F
22 frequentia assembly ABL.SG.F

Syntax

Temporal Clause: Cumque recessissent — introduces a circumstantial clause with subjunctive indicating completed prior action.

Prepositional Phrase: a tentoriis eorum — source of movement, “from their tents.”

Adverbial Phrase: per circuitum — expresses spatial distribution, “all around.”

Main Clause: Dathan et Abiron (subject) + stabant (verb)

Participial Phrase: egressi — perfect participle modifying subject, indicating prior completed action relative to main verb.

Locative Phrase: in introitu papilionum suorum — specifies position, “at the entrance of their tents.”

Accompaniment Phrase: cum uxoribus et liberis — associates the subject with companions.

Additional Phrase: omnique frequentia — further accompaniment, emphasizing total assembly.

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cumque; Part of Speech: subordinating conjunction; Form: conjunction with enclitic -que; Function: introduces temporal subordinate clause; Translation: and when; Notes: combines temporal sense with connective force linking to prior narrative.
  2. recessissent — Lemma: recedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural pluperfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: they had withdrawn; Notes: pluperfect indicates completed action prior to main clause.
  3. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses separation; Translation: from; Notes: standard marker of motion away.
  4. tentoriis — Lemma: tentorium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of preposition; Translation: tents; Notes: refers to dwelling structures in camp context.
  5. eorum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive plural; Function: possessive modifier; Translation: their; Notes: indicates ownership or association.
  6. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses extent; Translation: through; Notes: conveys spatial coverage.
  7. circuitum — Lemma: circuitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: around; Notes: denotes surrounding area.
  8. Dathan — Lemma: Dathan; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Dathan; Notes: one of the rebellious leaders.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links subjects; Translation: and; Notes: simple additive conjunction.
  10. Abiron — Lemma: Abiron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Abiron; Notes: paired with Dathan in narrative.
  11. egressi — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: verb; Form: nominative plural masculine perfect participle deponent; Function: modifies subject; Translation: having gone out; Notes: deponent verb with active meaning.
  12. stabant — Lemma: sto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: were standing; Notes: imperfect expresses ongoing state.
  13. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: indicates position.
  14. introitu — Lemma: introitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: entrance; Notes: denotes entry point.
  15. papilionum — Lemma: papilio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: possessive dependent; Translation: of tents; Notes: refers to military or camp tents.
  16. suorum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: reflexive possessive; Translation: their own; Notes: emphasizes belonging to subject.
  17. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: denotes association.
  18. uxoribus — Lemma: uxor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: wives; Notes: family context emphasis.
  19. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links items; Translation: and; Notes: joins parallel nouns.
  20. liberis — Lemma: liberi; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: children; Notes: denotes offspring collectively.
  21. omnique — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies frequentia; Translation: and all; Notes: enclitic -que adds cumulative sense.
  22. frequentia — Lemma: frequentia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: accompaniment; Translation: assembly; Notes: denotes gathered crowd or multitude.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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