Numeri 21:30 (Numbers 21:30)

Posted on May 18, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 21:30 Iugum ipsorum disperiit ad Hesebon usque Dibon, lassi pervenerunt in Nophe, et usque Medaba.

Their yoke perished from Hesebon as far as Dibon; exhausted, they reached Nophe and as far as Medaba.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Iugum yoke NOM.SG.N
2 ipsorum their GEN.PL.M
3 disperiit perished 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
4 ad as far as PREP+ACC
5 Hesebon Heshbon INDECL
6 usque as far as ADV
7 Dibon Dibon INDECL
8 lassi exhausted NOM.PL.M
9 pervenerunt they reached 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
10 in to PREP+ACC
11 Nophe Nophah INDECL
12 et and CONJ
13 usque as far as ADV
14 Medaba Medeba INDECL

Syntax

Main Clause: Iugum ipsorum disperiit describes the collapse or destruction of their dominion.

Territorial Phrase: ad Hesebon usque Dibon marks the geographical extent of the devastation.

Participial Phrase: lassi describes the condition of those reaching the next locations.

Main Narrative Clause: pervenerunt in Nophe narrates arrival at Nophe.

Coordinate Range Phrase: et usque Medaba extends the movement or devastation as far as Medaba.

Morphology

  1. Iugum — Lemma: iugum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of disperiit; Translation: “yoke”; Notes: metaphorically refers to rule, domination, or power.
  2. ipsorum — Lemma: ipse; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive plural masculine intensive pronoun; Function: modifies Iugum; Translation: “their”; Notes: emphasizes possession or association with the defeated people.
  3. disperiit — Lemma: dispereo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of destruction; Translation: “perished”; Notes: expresses complete collapse or disappearance.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the accusative; Function: introduces territorial range; Translation: “as far as”; Notes: marks spatial extension.
  5. Hesebon — Lemma: Hesebon; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable proper noun; Function: object of ad; Translation: “Hesebon”; Notes: major Amorite city connected with Sehon.
  6. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverb of extent; Function: extends territorial phrase; Translation: “as far as”; Notes: emphasizes continuation to another boundary point.
  7. Dibon — Lemma: Dibon; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable proper noun; Function: endpoint of territorial extent; Translation: “Dibon”; Notes: Moabite city east of the Jordan.
  8. lassi — Lemma: lassus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: predicate adjective describing implied subject; Translation: “exhausted”; Notes: conveys weariness following defeat or flight.
  9. pervenerunt — Lemma: pervenio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: “they reached”; Notes: describes arrival after difficult movement.
  10. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the accusative; Function: introduces destination phrase; Translation: “to”; Notes: expresses movement toward a place.
  11. Nophe — Lemma: Nophe; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable proper noun; Function: object of in; Translation: “Nophe”; Notes: location associated with the territorial description.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins the geographical phrases; Translation: “and”; Notes: extends the territorial progression.
  13. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverb of extent; Function: introduces final territorial limit; Translation: “as far as”; Notes: marks continuation to the last named location.
  14. Medaba — Lemma: Medaba; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable proper noun; Function: final geographical endpoint; Translation: “Medaba”; Notes: important Moabite city located on the plateau east of the Jordan.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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