Numeri 28:4 (Numbers 28:4)

Posted on May 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 28:4 unum offeretis mane, et alterum ad vesperum:

You shall offer one in the morning, and the other toward evening.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 unum one ACC.SG.M
2 offeretis you shall offer 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
3 mane in morning ADV
4 et and CONJ
5 alterum the other ACC.SG.M
6 ad toward PREP+ACC
7 vesperum evening ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause: unum offeretis mane — offeretis is the main verb, unum is the direct object, and mane specifies the time of the offering.

Coordinated Clause: et alterum ad vesperum — the verb offeretis is understood from the first clause. alterum refers to the second lamb, while ad vesperum indicates the time of its offering.

Daily Sacrificial Pattern: The verse divides the continual burnt offering into two daily sacrifices, one presented in the morning and the other in the evening.

Morphology

  1. unum — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: Numeral; Form: Accusative Singular Masculine; Function: Direct object of offeretis; Translation: “one”; Notes: Refers to one of the two lambs prescribed in the previous verse.
  2. offeretis — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Future Active Indicative 2nd Person Plural; Function: Main verb; Translation: “you shall offer”; Notes: Commands the regular presentation of the sacrifice.
  3. mane — Lemma: mane; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Temporal modifier; Translation: “in the morning”; Notes: Specifies the time of the first daily offering.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Connects coordinated clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins the morning and evening sacrifices.
  5. alterum — Lemma: alter; Part of Speech: Pronoun-Adjective; Form: Accusative Singular Masculine; Function: Direct object with understood offeretis; Translation: “the other”; Notes: Refers to the second lamb of the daily pair.
  6. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Indeclinable preposition governing the accusative; Function: Introduces a temporal phrase; Translation: “toward”; Notes: Indicates the approach of the evening period.
  7. vesperum — Lemma: vesper; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative Singular Masculine; Function: Object of ad; Translation: “evening”; Notes: Specifies the time of the second daily offering.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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