Numeri 28:8 (Numbers 28:8)

Posted on May 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 28:8 Alterumque agnum similiter offeretis ad vesperam iuxta omnem ritum sacrificii matutini, et libamentorum eius, oblationem suavissimi odoris Domino.

And the other lamb you shall likewise offer toward evening, according to the entire rite of the morning sacrifice and its drink offerings, as an offering of a most pleasing aroma to the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Alterumque and the other ACC.SG.M
2 agnum lamb ACC.SG.M
3 similiter likewise ADV
4 offeretis you shall offer 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
5 ad toward PREP+ACC
6 vesperam evening ACC.SG.F
7 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
8 omnem entire ACC.SG.M
9 ritum rite ACC.SG.M
10 sacrificii of sacrifice GEN.SG.N
11 matutini morning GEN.SG.N
12 et and CONJ
13 libamentorum of drink offerings GEN.PL.N
14 eius its POSS.GEN.SG
15 oblationem offering ACC.SG.F
16 suavissimi most pleasing GEN.SG.M.SUPER
17 odoris of aroma GEN.SG.M
18 Domino to LORD DAT.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause: Alterumque agnum similiter offeretis ad vesperam — commands the offering of the second lamb in the evening. offeretis is the main verb and Alterum agnum is the direct object.

Manner Phrase: similiter — indicates that the evening offering is to follow the same pattern as the morning offering.

Normative Phrase: iuxta omnem ritum sacrificii matutini et libamentorum eius — specifies that the entire procedure, including the associated drink offerings, must correspond to the morning sacrifice.

Appositional Description: oblationem suavissimi odoris Domino — further characterizes the sacrifice as an offering producing a most pleasing aroma before the LORD.

Liturgical Symmetry: The verse establishes complete correspondence between the morning and evening sacrifices, creating a balanced daily cycle of worship.

Morphology

  1. Alterumque — Lemma: alter; Part of Speech: Pronoun-Adjective with enclitic conjunction; Form: Accusative Singular Masculine with enclitic -que; Function: Modifies agnum; Translation: “and the other”; Notes: Refers to the second lamb of the daily pair.
  2. agnum — Lemma: agnus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative Singular Masculine; Function: Direct object of offeretis; Translation: “lamb”; Notes: The second animal prescribed for the continual burnt offering.
  3. similiter — Lemma: similiter; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Modifies offeretis; Translation: “likewise”; Notes: Indicates conformity with the morning ritual.
  4. offeretis — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Future Active Indicative 2nd Person Plural; Function: Main verb; Translation: “you shall offer”; Notes: Commands the presentation of the evening sacrifice.
  5. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Indeclinable preposition governing the accusative; Function: Introduces a temporal phrase; Translation: “toward”; Notes: Indicates the approach of evening.
  6. vesperam — Lemma: vespera; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative Singular Feminine; Function: Object of ad; Translation: “evening”; Notes: Specifies the time of the second daily offering.
  7. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Indeclinable preposition governing the accusative; Function: Introduces a standard of conformity; Translation: “according to”; Notes: Indicates strict adherence to an established pattern.
  8. omnem — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Accusative Singular Masculine; Function: Modifies ritum; Translation: “entire”; Notes: Emphasizes complete conformity.
  9. ritum — Lemma: ritus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative Singular Masculine; Function: Object of iuxta; Translation: “rite”; Notes: Refers to the prescribed ceremonial procedure.
  10. sacrificii — Lemma: sacrificium; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive Singular Neuter; Function: Genitive modifying ritum; Translation: “of sacrifice”; Notes: Specifies the rite in question.
  11. matutini — Lemma: matutinus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Genitive Singular Neuter; Function: Modifies sacrificii; Translation: “morning”; Notes: Identifies the sacrifice as the morning offering.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Connects genitive phrases; Translation: “and”; Notes: Adds the associated drink offerings.
  13. libamentorum — Lemma: libamentum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive Plural Neuter; Function: Genitive dependent on ritum; Translation: “of drink offerings”; Notes: Refers to the accompanying libations.
  14. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun; Form: Genitive Singular; Function: Modifies libamentorum; Translation: “its”; Notes: Refers to the morning sacrifice.
  15. oblationem — Lemma: oblatio; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative Singular Feminine; Function: Appositional description of the sacrifice; Translation: “offering”; Notes: Characterizes the sacrificial act.
  16. suavissimi — Lemma: suavis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Genitive Singular Masculine Superlative Degree; Function: Modifies odoris; Translation: “most pleasing”; Notes: Expresses the highest degree of pleasant fragrance.
  17. odoris — Lemma: odor; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive Singular Masculine; Function: Genitive modifying oblationem; Translation: “of aroma”; Notes: A sacrificial expression denoting divine acceptance.
  18. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Dative Singular Masculine; Function: Dative of recipient; Translation: “to the LORD”; Notes: Identifies YHWH as the recipient of the offering.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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