Numeri 3:10 (Numbers 3:10)

Posted on April 30, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 3:10 Aaron et filiis eius, quibus traditi sunt a filiis Israel. Aaron autem et filios eius constitues super cultum sacerdotii. Externus, qui ad ministrandum accesserit, morietur.

to Aaron and to his sons, to whom they have been given from the sons of Israel. But Aaron and his sons you shall appoint over the service of the priesthood. The outsider who shall approach to minister shall die.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Aaron to Aaron DAT.SG.M
2 et and CONJ
3 filiis to sons DAT.PL.M
4 eius his GEN.SG.M
5 quibus to whom DAT.PL.M.REL
6 traditi having been given NOM.PL.M.PTCP.PERF.PASS
7 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
8 a from PREP+ABL
9 filiis sons ABL.PL.M
10 Israel Israel INDECL
11 Aaron Aaron ACC.SG.M
12 autem but CONJ
13 et and CONJ
14 filios sons ACC.PL.M
15 eius his GEN.SG.M
16 constitues you shall appoint 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
17 super over PREP+ACC
18 cultum service ACC.SG.M
19 sacerdotii of priesthood GEN.SG.N
20 Externus outsider NOM.SG.M
21 qui who NOM.SG.M.REL
22 ad to PREP+ACC
23 ministrandum to minister GER
24 accesserit shall have approached 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
25 morietur shall die 3SG.FUT.DEP.IND

Syntax

Dative Phrase: Aaron et filiis eius — dative of recipient

Relative Clause: quibus traditi sunt a filiis Israel — describes the Levites as given over

Main Clause 2: Aaron et filios eius constitues — verb (constitues) + direct object (Aaron et filios eius)

Prepositional Phrase: super cultum sacerdotii — expresses authority or responsibility

Main Clause 3: Externus morietur — subject (Externus) + verb (morietur)

Relative Clause: qui ad ministrandum accesserit — defines the outsider

Purpose Expression: ad ministrandum — gerund phrase indicating intent

Morphology

  1. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to Aaron; Notes: recipient of the Levites.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: links two recipients.
  3. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative plural masculine 2nd declension; Function: indirect object; Translation: to sons; Notes: includes Aaron’s sons.
  4. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive; Translation: his; Notes: refers to Aaron.
  5. quibus — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: dative plural masculine; Function: indirect object of relative clause; Translation: to whom; Notes: refers back to Aaron and his sons.
  6. traditi — Lemma: trado; Part of Speech: verb (participle); Form: nominative plural masculine perfect passive participle; Function: predicate participle; Translation: having been given; Notes: expresses completed transfer.
  7. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person plural present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: are; Notes: forms perfect passive.
  8. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: agent marker; Translation: from; Notes: indicates source.
  9. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: sons; Notes: refers to Israel.
  10. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: apposition; Translation: Israel; Notes: identifies the nation.
  11. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: Aaron; Notes: object of appointment.
  12. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: contrast; Translation: but; Notes: introduces new clause.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: links objects.
  14. filios — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: sons; Notes: part of compound object.
  15. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive; Translation: his; Notes: refers to Aaron.
  16. constitues — Lemma: constituo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular future active indicative 3rd conjugation; Function: main verb; Translation: you shall appoint; Notes: expresses future command.
  17. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: introduces authority; Translation: over; Notes: expresses supervision.
  18. cultum — Lemma: cultus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine 4th declension; Function: object of preposition; Translation: service; Notes: refers to ritual duties.
  19. sacerdotii — Lemma: sacerdotium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter 2nd declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of priesthood; Notes: specifies type of service.
  20. Externus — Lemma: externus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: outsider; Notes: denotes one not authorized.
  21. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: refers to outsider.
  22. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: introduces purpose; Translation: to; Notes: expresses direction.
  23. ministrandum — Lemma: ministro; Part of Speech: gerund; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of preposition; Translation: to minister; Notes: expresses intended action.
  24. accesserit — Lemma: accedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular future perfect active subjunctive 3rd conjugation; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: shall have approached; Notes: expresses completed future condition.
  25. morietur — Lemma: morior; Part of Speech: verb (deponent); Form: 3rd person singular future indicative deponent; Function: main verb; Translation: shall die; Notes: expresses certain consequence.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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