Numeri 32:10 (Numbers 32:10)

Posted on May 29, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 32:10 Qui iratus iuravit, dicens:

Who, being angry, swore, saying:

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Qui who NOM.SG.M.REL
2 iratus being angry NOM.SG.M.PERF.DEP.PTCP
3 iuravit swore 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
4 dicens saying NOM.SG.M.PRES.ACT.PTCP

Syntax

Relative Clause: Qui iratus iuravit continues the preceding sentence and refers back to Dominus. The relative pronoun Qui is the subject of iuravit.

Circumstantial Participle: iratus agrees with Qui and describes the LORD’s emotional state when He swore. It has active meaning despite its deponent form.

Main Verb: iuravit is the finite verb of the relative clause and introduces the solemn oath that follows.

Participial Phrase: dicens agrees with the understood subject, the LORD, and introduces the direct speech containing the words of the oath.

Morphology

  1. Qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: Nominative singular masculine; Function: Subject of iuravit; Translation: “who”; Notes: It refers back to Dominus in the preceding clause and continues the description of the LORD’s response.
  2. iratus — Lemma: irascor; Part of Speech: Perfect participle of a deponent verb; Form: Nominative singular masculine, perfect deponent participle, third conjugation; Function: Circumstantial participle agreeing with Qui; Translation: “being angry”; Notes: Although passive in form, the participle has active meaning because irascor is deponent.
  3. iuravit — Lemma: iuro; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Third person singular, perfect active indicative, first conjugation; Function: Main verb of the relative clause; Translation: “swore”; Notes: The perfect tense presents the oath as a decisive and completed divine declaration.
  4. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: Present active participle; Form: Nominative singular masculine, present active participle, third conjugation; Function: Participial modifier of the subject and introducer of direct speech; Translation: “saying”; Notes: It introduces the specific words spoken as part of the LORD’s oath.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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