Numeri 4:43 (Numbers 4:43)

Posted on May 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 4:43 a triginta annis et supra, usque ad annum quinquagesimum, omnes qui ingrediuntur ad explendos ritus tabernaculi fœderis:

from thirty years and above, up to the fiftieth year, all who enter to carry out the rites of the tabernacle of the covenant;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 a from PREP+ABL
2 triginta thirty INDECL
3 annis years ABL.PL.M
4 et and CONJ
5 supra above ADV
6 usque up to ADV
7 ad to PREP+ACC
8 annum year ACC.SG.M
9 quinquagesimum fiftieth ACC.SG.M
10 omnes all ACC.PL.M
11 qui who REL.NOM.PL.M
12 ingrediuntur enter 3.PL.PRES.DEP.IND
13 ad to PREP+ACC
14 explendos to fulfill GERUNDV.ACC.PL.M
15 ritus rites ACC.PL.M
16 tabernaculi of the tabernacle GEN.SG.N
17 fœderis of the covenant GEN.SG.N

Syntax

Prepositional Phrase (Range): a triginta annis et supra sets the lower age boundary, while usque ad annum quinquagesimum defines the upper limit.

Main Object Phrase: omnes — direct object (implied), referring to those being counted.

Relative Clause: qui ingrediuntur — modifies omnes, with ingrediuntur as the verb.

Purpose Phrase: ad explendos ritus — expresses purpose, with gerundive construction indicating obligation or function.

Genitive Phrase: tabernaculi fœderis — modifies ritus, specifying the sacred context.

Clause Function: The sentence defines the eligible age range and purpose of service in performing the ritual duties of the tabernacle.

Morphology

  1. a — Lemma: ab; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses starting point; Translation: “from”; Notes: Marks beginning of range.
  2. triginta — Lemma: triginta; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable cardinal; Function: modifies annis; Translation: “thirty”; Notes: Lower limit.
  3. annis — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of a; Translation: “years”; Notes: Temporal measure.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: joins phrase; Translation: “and”; Notes: Connects elements.
  5. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies range; Translation: “above”; Notes: Extends minimum.
  6. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies ad; Translation: “up to”; Notes: Indicates limit.
  7. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses endpoint or purpose; Translation: “to”; Notes: Marks direction or goal.
  8. annum — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “year”; Notes: Upper age limit.
  9. quinquagesimum — Lemma: quinquagesimus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies annum; Translation: “fiftieth”; Notes: Ordinal numeral.
  10. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object; Translation: “all”; Notes: Refers to counted individuals.
  11. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “who”; Notes: Refers to omnes.
  12. ingrediuntur — Lemma: ingredior; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present deponent indicative, third person plural; Function: verb; Translation: “enter”; Notes: Deponent with active meaning.
  13. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces purpose; Translation: “to”; Notes: Indicates goal.
  14. explendos — Lemma: expleo; Part of Speech: gerundive; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies ritus; Translation: “to fulfill”; Notes: Expresses obligation or purpose.
  15. ritus — Lemma: ritus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “rites”; Notes: Ritual duties.
  16. tabernaculi — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifier; Translation: “of the tabernacle”; Notes: Specifies location.
  17. fœderis — Lemma: fœdus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “of the covenant”; Notes: Sacred designation.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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