Exodus 10:19

Posted on March 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 10:19 Qui flare fecit ventum ab occidente vehementissimum, et arreptam locustam proiecit in Mare rubrum: non remansit ne una quidem in cunctis finibus Ægypti.

And He made a very strong wind blow from the west, and cast the seized locust into the Red Sea; not even one remained in all the borders of Egypt.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Qui who NOM.SG.M
2 flare to blow PRES.ACT.INF
3 fecit made 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
4 ventum wind ACC.SG.M
5 ab from PREP+ABL
6 occidente the west ABL.SG.M
7 vehementissimum very strong ACC.SG.M.SUPERL
8 et and CONJ
9 arreptam seized ACC.SG.F.PERF.PASS.PTCP
10 locustam locust ACC.SG.F
11 proiecit cast forth 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
12 in into PREP+ACC
13 Mare Sea ACC.SG.N
14 rubrum Red ACC.SG.N
15 non not ADV
16 remansit remained 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
17 ne not even ADV
18 una one NOM.SG.F
19 quidem indeed ADV
20 in in PREP+ABL
21 cunctis all ABL.PL.M
22 finibus borders ABL.PL.M
23 Ægypti of Egypt GEN.SG.F

Syntax

Main Relative Clause:
Subject: Qui — refers to the LORD
Verb: fecit
Object: ventum vehementissimum — direct object
Complement: flare — complementary infinitive (“made [the wind] blow”)
Prepositional Phrase: ab occidente — source of the wind

Coordinated Action:
Verb: proiecit
Object: arreptam locustam
Destination Phrase: in Mare rubrum

Negative Result Clause:
Verb: remansit
Negative Markers: non … ne … quidem
Subject: una — “one” (locust)
Location: in cunctis finibus Ægypti

Morphology

  1. Qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of fecit; Translation: “who”; Notes: refers to the LORD.
  2. flare — Lemma: flo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: “to blow”; Notes: dependent on fecit.
  3. fecit — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “made”; Notes: expresses divine action.
  4. ventum — Lemma: ventus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of fecit; Translation: “wind”; Notes: object of causation.
  5. ab — Lemma: ab; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses origin; Translation: “from”; Notes: variant of a/ab.
  6. occidente — Lemma: occidens; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of ab; Translation: “the west”; Notes: ablative of source.
  7. vehementissimum — Lemma: vehemens; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine superlative; Function: modifies ventum; Translation: “very strong”; Notes: superlative indicates intensity.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: joins divine acts.
  9. arreptam — Lemma: arripio; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative singular feminine perfect passive participle; Function: modifies locustam; Translation: “seized”; Notes: implies sudden taking.
  10. locustam — Lemma: locusta; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of proiecit; Translation: “locust”; Notes: refers to the plague.
  11. proiecit — Lemma: proicio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: second main verb; Translation: “cast forth”; Notes: violent removal.
  12. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses motion into; Translation: “into”; Notes: directional.
  13. Mare — Lemma: mare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: “sea”; Notes: neuter i-stem.
  14. rubrum — Lemma: ruber; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies Mare; Translation: “Red”; Notes: proper name descriptor.
  15. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: negative; Function: negates remansit; Translation: “not”; Notes: total negation.
  16. remansit — Lemma: remaneo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: verb of negated clause; Translation: “remained”; Notes: marks outcome.
  17. ne — Lemma: ne; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: negative emphasizer; Function: strengthens negation; Translation: “not even”; Notes: pairs with quidem.
  18. una — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of remansit; Translation: “one”; Notes: refers to a single locust.
  19. quidem — Lemma: quidem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: intensifier; Function: strengthens ne; Translation: “indeed”; Notes: emphasizes total absence.
  20. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative; Translation: “in”; Notes: introduces location.
  21. cunctis — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: modifies finibus; Translation: “all”; Notes: universal extent.
  22. finibus — Lemma: finis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: “borders”; Notes: territorial extent.
  23. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of Egypt”; Notes: entire national territory.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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