Numeri 1:24 (Numbers 1:24)

Posted on April 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 1:24 De filiis Gad per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum recensiti sunt per nomina singulorum a viginti annis et supra, omnes qui ad bella procederent,

From the sons of Gad by their generations and families and the households of their clans, they were registered by the names of each one from twenty years and above, all who would go forth to wars,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 De from PREP+ABL
2 filiis sons ABL.PL.M
3 Gad Gad INDECL
4 per by PREP+ACC
5 generationes generations ACC.PL.F
6 et and CONJ
7 familias families ACC.PL.F
8 ac and CONJ
9 domos houses ACC.PL.F
10 cognationum of clans GEN.PL.F
11 suarum their GEN.PL.F.POSS
12 recensiti registered NOM.PL.M.PERF.PASS.PTCP
13 sunt they were 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
14 per by PREP+ACC
15 nomina names ACC.PL.N
16 singulorum of each GEN.PL.M.INDEF
17 a from PREP+ABL
18 viginti twenty NUM.INDECL
19 annis years ABL.PL.M
20 et and CONJ
21 supra above ADV
22 omnes all NOM.PL.M
23 qui who NOM.PL.M.REL
24 ad to PREP+ACC
25 bella wars ACC.PL.N
26 procederent would proceed 3PL.IMP.ACT.SUBJ

Syntax

Source Phrase: De filiis Gad is a prepositional phrase identifying the tribal group from which the census is drawn.

Distribution Phrase: per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum describes the administrative divisions according to which the enumeration is organized.

Main Clause: recensiti sunt forms the passive verbal construction meaning “they were registered.”

Method Phrase: per nomina singulorum indicates that the counting was carried out by recording the names of each individual.

Age Qualification: a viginti annis et supra specifies the minimum age requirement.

Relative Clause: omnes qui ad bella procederent identifies the class of persons counted, referring to all those who would go forth to wars.

Morphology

  1. De — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the ablative; Function: introduces the tribal source; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates origin or belonging to the group.
  2. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine, second declension; Function: object of the preposition De; Translation: sons; Notes: Refers to the descendants belonging to the tribe.
  3. Gad — Lemma: Gad; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: identifies the tribe associated with filiis; Translation: Gad; Notes: One of the twelve tribes of Israel.
  4. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the accusative; Function: introduces the organizational divisions; Translation: by; Notes: Indicates distribution across subgroups.
  5. generationes — Lemma: generatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: generations; Notes: Genealogical lines within the tribe.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable coordinating conjunction; Function: links items in the enumeration; Translation: and; Notes: Standard additive conjunction.
  7. familias — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: coordinated object governed by per; Translation: families; Notes: Household-based subdivisions.
  8. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable coordinating conjunction; Function: connects another item in the list; Translation: and; Notes: Stylistic variant of et.
  9. domos — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: coordinated object in the distribution phrase; Translation: households; Notes: Domestic family units.
  10. cognationum — Lemma: cognatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: modifies domos; Translation: of clans; Notes: Kinship groupings within the tribe.
  11. suarum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: modifies cognationum; Translation: their; Notes: Refers to belonging to members of the tribe.
  12. recensiti — Lemma: recenseo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative plural masculine perfect passive participle; Function: forms the passive construction with sunt; Translation: registered; Notes: Indicates census enumeration.
  13. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: auxiliary completing the passive verb phrase; Translation: they were; Notes: Forms the perfect passive with the participle.
  14. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the accusative; Function: introduces the method of listing; Translation: by; Notes: Indicates procedure or means.
  15. nomina — Lemma: nomen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of per; Translation: names; Notes: Refers to the recorded individuals.
  16. singulorum — Lemma: singuli; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies nomina; Translation: of each; Notes: Emphasizes individual enumeration.
  17. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the ablative; Function: introduces the age phrase; Translation: from; Notes: Marks the beginning of an age range.
  18. viginti — Lemma: viginti; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: indeclinable cardinal numeral; Function: modifies annis; Translation: twenty; Notes: Specifies the minimum qualifying age.
  19. annis — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of a; Translation: years; Notes: Used in chronological expressions of age.
  20. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable coordinating conjunction; Function: connects the phrase to the adverb supra; Translation: and; Notes: Forms the idiom “and above.”
  21. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable adverb; Function: completes the age qualification; Translation: above; Notes: Includes those older than the stated age.
  22. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: all; Notes: Refers to all eligible individuals.
  23. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: introduces the relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers back to omnes.
  24. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the accusative; Function: introduces purpose or direction; Translation: to; Notes: Indicates movement toward battle.
  25. bella — Lemma: bellum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of ad; Translation: wars; Notes: Refers to military engagements.
  26. procederent — Lemma: procedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: would proceed; Notes: The subjunctive expresses characteristic or potential action within the relative clause.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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