Exodus 23:18

Posted on March 14, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

18 Non immolabis super fermento sanguinem victimæ meæ, nec remanebit adeps sollemnitatis meæ usque mane.

You shall not sacrifice the blood of My victim upon leaven, nor shall the fat of My feast remain until morning.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Non not ADV
2 immolabis you shall sacrifice 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
3 super upon PREP+ABL
4 fermento leaven ABL.SG.N 2ND DECL
5 sanguinem blood ACC.SG.M 3RD DECL
6 victimæ of the victim GEN.SG.F 1ST DECL
7 meæ My GEN.SG.F POSS
8 nec nor CONJ
9 remanebit shall remain 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
10 adeps fat NOM.SG.M 3RD DECL
11 sollemnitatis of the feast GEN.SG.F 3RD DECL
12 meæ My GEN.SG.F POSS
13 usque until PREP+ACC
14 mane morning ACC.SG.N INDECL

Syntax

First Prohibition:
Non immolabis super fermento sanguinem victimæ meæ — “You shall not sacrifice the blood of My victim upon leaven.”
• sanguinem = direct object.
• victimæ meæ = possessive genitive modifying *sanguinem*.
• super fermento = ablative object of *super*, expressing improper ritual offering location/material.

Second Prohibition:
nec remanebit adeps sollemnitatis meæ usque mane — “nor shall the fat of My feast remain until morning.”
• adeps = subject.
• sollemnitatis meæ = dependent genitive.
• usque mane = limit of time.

Morphology

  1. Non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negates main verb; Translation: not; Notes: introduces legal prohibition.
  2. immolabis — Lemma: immolo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, 2nd singular; Function: main verb of prohibition; Translation: you shall sacrifice; Notes: future used in legal code as imperative.
  3. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses spatial relation; Translation: upon; Notes: marks forbidden ritual condition.
  4. fermento — Lemma: fermentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter, 2nd declension; Function: object of super; Translation: leaven; Notes: leaven prohibited in sacrificial context.
  5. sanguinem — Lemma: sanguis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, 3rd declension; Function: direct object; Translation: blood; Notes: central element of sacrifice.
  6. victimæ — Lemma: victima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine, 1st declension; Function: modifies sanguinem; Translation: of the victim; Notes: sacrificial terminology.
  7. meæ — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies victimæ; Translation: My; Notes: divine ownership of sacrifice.
  8. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: adds second prohibition; Translation: nor; Notes: links parallel commands.
  9. remanebit — Lemma: remaneo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: main verb of second clause; Translation: shall remain; Notes: legal time-limitation formula.
  10. adeps — Lemma: adeps; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, 3rd declension; Function: subject; Translation: fat; Notes: sacrificial fat reserved for altar use.
  11. sollemnitatis — Lemma: sollemnitas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine, 3rd declension; Function: modifies adeps; Translation: of the feast; Notes: indicates festival sacrifice.
  12. meæ — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies sollemnitatis; Translation: My; Notes: ownership of sacred festival offerings.
  13. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses limit of time; Translation: until; Notes: marks endpoint.
  14. mane — Lemma: mane; Part of Speech: noun (indeclinable); Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of usque; Translation: morning; Notes: classical indeclinable time word.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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