Exodus 40:25

Posted on March 31, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 40:25 et adolevit super eo incensum aromatum, sicut iusserat Dominus Moysi.

and he burned upon it the incense of spices, just as the LORD had instructed Moyses.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 adolevit he burned 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
3 super upon PREP+ABL
4 eo it ABL.SG.N.PRON
5 incensum incense ACC.SG.N.2ND.DECL
6 aromatum of spices GEN.PL.N.2ND.DECL
7 sicut just as CONJ.SUBORD
8 iusserat had instructed 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND
9 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M.2ND.DECL
10 Moysi to Moses DAT.SG.M.INDECL

Syntax

Main Clause:
• et adolevit super eo incensum aromatum — “and he burned upon it the incense of spices”
— adolevit = verb
— incensum = direct object
— aromatum = genitive modifier
— super eo = locative phrase

Comparative / Conformity Clause:
• sicut iusserat Dominus Moysi
— iusserat = pluperfect
— Dominus = subject
— Moysi = indirect object

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links actions; Translation: and; Notes: standard connective in narrative flow.
  2. adolevit — Lemma: adoleo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he burned; Notes: used especially of burning incense in ritual contexts.
  3. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates location; Translation: upon; Notes: expresses placement on top of the altar.
  4. eo — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of super; Translation: it; Notes: refers to the golden altar.
  5. incensum — Lemma: incensum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter 2nd declension; Function: direct object; Translation: incense; Notes: the incense offering prescribed for worship.
  6. aromatum — Lemma: aroma; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural neuter 2nd declension; Function: modifies incensum; Translation: of spices; Notes: refers to the fragrant mixture used for holy incense.
  7. sicut — Lemma: sicut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces conformity clause; Translation: just as; Notes: introduces divine compliance formula.
  8. iusserat — Lemma: iubeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular pluperfect active indicative; Function: verb of subordinate clause; Translation: had instructed; Notes: pluperfect highlights prior divine command.
  9. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine 2nd declension; Function: subject of iusserat; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  10. Moysi — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: dative singular masculine indeclinable; Function: indirect object; Translation: to Moses; Notes: recipient of the divine instruction.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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