Genesis 10:29

Posted on January 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

29 et Ophir, et Hevila, et Iobab. omnes isti, filii Iectan.

And Ophir, and Hevila, and Jobab. All these were the sons of Jectan.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 Ophir Ophir ACC.SG.M
3 et and CONJ
4 Hevila Hevila ACC.SG.F
5 et and CONJ
6 Iobab Jobab ACC.SG.M
7 omnes all NOM.PL.M
8 isti these NOM.PL.M.DEM.PRON
9 filii sons NOM.PL.M
10 Iectan Jectan GEN.SG.M

Syntax

Enumeration: et Ophir, et Hevila, et Iobab — Continues the genealogical sequence of Jectan’s sons, functioning as direct objects of the implied genuit (“begot”).
Concluding Clause: omnes isti filii Iectan — “All these were the sons of Jectan.” The phrase acts as a summarizing statement, closing the entire Jectanite genealogy.
The demonstrative isti emphasizes totality (“all these”), while the genitive Iectan defines paternal descent. This formulaic closure mirrors those used for Japheth and Cham earlier in the chapter.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Connects names; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continuation of genealogical listing under implied verb genuit.
  2. Ophir — Lemma: Ophir; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Accusative singular masculine; Function: Direct object; Translation: “Ophir”; Notes: Possibly refers to a region famed for gold (likely on the Arabian or East African coast; cf. 1 Kings 9:28).
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Joins coordinate nouns; Translation: “and”; Notes: Maintains parallelism within enumeration.
  4. Hevila — Lemma: Hevila; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Accusative singular feminine; Function: Direct object of implied genuit; Translation: “Hevila”; Notes: Possibly region in Arabia or northeast Africa; noted for gold and bdellium (Genesis 2:11).
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Connects final proper noun; Translation: “and”; Notes: Closes the triadic enumeration of names.
  6. Iobab — Lemma: Iobab; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Accusative singular masculine; Function: Final direct object of genuit; Translation: “Jobab”; Notes: Hebrew Yobab; possibly refers to a South Arabian tribe or territory later associated with the kingdom of Sheba.
  7. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective/pronominal; Form: Nominative plural masculine; Function: Subject modifier; Translation: “all”; Notes: Collectively refers to the entire list of Jectan’s sons.
  8. isti — Lemma: iste, ista, istud; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: Nominative plural masculine; Function: Subject pronoun modifying filii; Translation: “these”; Notes: Deictic emphasis — draws attention to those just enumerated.
  9. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative plural masculine; Function: Predicate nominative; Translation: “sons”; Notes: Completes the summarizing statement identifying the entire group as Jectan’s progeny.
  10. Iectan — Lemma: Iectan; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Genitive singular masculine; Function: Possessive genitive modifying filii; Translation: “of Jectan”; Notes: Marks the close of the Jectanite lineage before the narrative transitions to the geographical settlement pattern.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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