Numeri 1:44 (Numbers 1:44)

Posted on April 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 1:44 Hi sunt, quos numeraverunt Moyses et Aaron, et duodecim principes Israel, singulos per domos cognationum suarum.

These are, those whom Moyses and Aaron counted, and the twelve leaders of Israel, each one according to the houses of their kinships.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Hi these PRON.DEM.NOM.PL.M
2 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
3 quos whom PRON.REL.ACC.PL.M
4 numeraverunt counted 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
5 Moyses Moses NOUN.NOM.SG.M
6 et and CONJ
7 Aaron Aaron NOUN.INDECL
8 et and CONJ
9 duodecim twelve ADJ.INDECL
10 principes leaders NOUN.NOM.PL.M
11 Israel Israel NOUN.INDECL
12 singulos each one ADJ.ACC.PL.M
13 per according to PREP+ACC
14 domos houses NOUN.ACC.PL.F
15 cognationum kinships NOUN.GEN.PL.F
16 suarum their PRON.POSS.GEN.PL.F

Syntax

Main Clause: Hi sunt — copulative clause identifying the group previously described.

Relative Clause: quos numeraverunt Moyses et Aaron et duodecim principes Israel — explains who performed the enumeration.

Subject of Relative Clause: Moyses et Aaron et duodecim principes Israel — compound subject consisting of the two leaders and the twelve tribal chiefs.

Object of Relative Clause: quos — refers back to the group identified by Hi.

Distribution Phrase: singulos per domos cognationum suarum — describes how individuals were recorded according to clan households.

Morphology

  1. Hi — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of the main clause; Translation: these; Notes: Refers to the individuals previously listed in the census.
  2. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: copulative verb linking subject and predicate; Translation: are; Notes: Introduces identification of the group.
  3. quos — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object of numeraverunt; Translation: whom; Notes: Refers back to the demonstrative subject Hi.
  4. numeraverunt — Lemma: numero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of the relative clause; Translation: counted; Notes: Indicates the completed census enumeration.
  5. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: part of the compound subject of the relative clause; Translation: Moyses; Notes: Latin form of the Hebrew name Moses.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links elements of the compound subject; Translation: and; Notes: Standard coordinating connective.
  7. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable proper name; Function: second member of the compound subject; Translation: Aaron; Notes: Brother of Moyses and priestly leader.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins the next subject element; Translation: and; Notes: Links the tribal leaders to the previous subjects.
  9. duodecim — Lemma: duodecim; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: indeclinable cardinal numeral; Function: modifies principes; Translation: twelve; Notes: Indicates the number of tribal leaders.
  10. principes — Lemma: princeps; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: member of the compound subject; Translation: leaders; Notes: Refers to the tribal chiefs representing Israel.
  11. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable proper name; Function: genitival relation with principes; Translation: Israel; Notes: Indicates the nation represented by the leaders.
  12. singulos — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies the understood object of enumeration; Translation: each one; Notes: Emphasizes individual counting within the census.
  13. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative case; Function: introduces distribution according to clan divisions; Translation: according to; Notes: Indicates arrangement by household structure.
  14. domos — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: houses; Notes: Refers to extended family households.
  15. cognationum — Lemma: cognatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: modifies domos; Translation: of kinships; Notes: Denotes clan or lineage relationships.
  16. suarum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: modifies cognationum; Translation: their; Notes: Reflexive possessive referring back to the counted individuals.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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