Leviticus 10:12

Posted on April 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 10:12 Locutusque est Moyses ad Aaron, et ad Eleazar, et Ithamar filios eius, qui erant residui: Tollite sacrificium, quod remansit de oblatione Domini, et comedite illud absque fermento iuxta altare, quia Sanctum sanctorum est.

And Moyses spoke to Aaron, and to Eleazar, and Ithamar his sons, who remained: “Take the offering, which remained from the offering of the LORD, and eat it without leaven beside the altar, because it is Holy of holies.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Locutusque and spoke PTCP.PERF.DEP.NOM.SG.M+CONJ
2 est was 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
3 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Aaron Aaron ACC.SG.M
6 et and CONJ
7 ad to PREP+ACC
8 Eleazar Eleazar ACC.SG.M
9 et and CONJ
10 Ithamar Ithamar ACC.SG.M
11 filios sons ACC.PL.M
12 eius his GEN.SG.M.POSS
13 qui who REL.NOM.PL.M
14 erant were 3PL.IMPF.ACT.IND
15 residui remaining NOM.PL.M
16 Tollite take 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
17 sacrificium the offering ACC.SG.N
18 quod which REL.ACC.SG.N
19 remansit remained 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
20 de from PREP+ABL
21 oblatione the offering ABL.SG.F
22 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
23 et and CONJ
24 comedite eat 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
25 illud it ACC.SG.N
26 absque without PREP+ABL
27 fermento leaven ABL.SG.N
28 iuxta beside PREP+ACC
29 altare the altar ACC.SG.N
30 quia because CONJ
31 Sanctum Holy NOM.SG.N
32 sanctorum of Holies GEN.PL.N
33 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND

Syntax

Speech Introduction: Locutus est Moyses — Moses introduces instruction
Addressees: ad Aaron et ad Eleazar et Ithamar filios eius — priestly recipients
Relative Description: qui erant residui — surviving sons specified
Imperative Commands: Tollite comedite — authorized priestly actions
Source Phrase: de oblatione Domini — divine ownership
Manner and Place: absque fermento iuxta altare — ritual conditions
Causal Clause: quia Sanctum sanctorum est — highest degree of holiness

Morphology

  1. Locutusque — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: deponent verb participle with enclitic conjunction; Form: perfect nominative masculine singular; Function: verbal predicate with est; Translation: and spoke; Notes: Deponent with active sense introducing speech.
  2. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: was; Notes: Completes the periphrastic construction.
  3. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: Moses; Notes: Mediator of divine instruction.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction of speech; Translation: to; Notes: Marks the addressees.
  5. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: Aaron; Notes: High priest.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links addressees.
  7. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: repeated direction; Translation: to; Notes: Reiterates address.
  8. Eleazar — Lemma: Eleazar; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: Eleazar; Notes: Priestly son.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins siblings.
  10. Ithamar — Lemma: Ithamar; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: Ithamar; Notes: Priestly son.
  11. filios — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: apposition; Translation: sons; Notes: Clarifies relationship.
  12. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies filios; Translation: his; Notes: Refers to Aaron.
  13. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine plural; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Introduces description.
  14. erant — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: were; Notes: Descriptive past state.
  15. residui — Lemma: residuus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative masculine plural; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: remaining; Notes: Distinguishes surviving sons.
  16. Tollite — Lemma: tollo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural present active imperative; Function: command; Translation: take; Notes: Authorized priestly action.
  17. sacrificium — Lemma: sacrificium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: direct object; Translation: the offering; Notes: Portion designated for priests.
  18. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object in relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to the offering.
  19. remansit — Lemma: remaneo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: remained; Notes: Leftover portion.
  20. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates origin.
  21. oblatione — Lemma: oblatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: object of de; Translation: the offering; Notes: Cultic gift presented.
  22. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies oblatione; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  23. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links commands.
  24. comedite — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural present active imperative; Function: command; Translation: eat; Notes: Authorized consumption.
  25. illud — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: direct object; Translation: it; Notes: Refers to the offering.
  26. absque — Lemma: absque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: manner; Translation: without; Notes: Specifies condition.
  27. fermento — Lemma: fermentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: object of absque; Translation: leaven; Notes: Symbol of fermentation excluded.
  28. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: location; Translation: beside; Notes: Near the altar.
  29. altare — Lemma: altare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: the altar; Notes: Sacred place of consumption.
  30. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: causal; Translation: because; Notes: Grounds the command.
  31. Sanctum — Lemma: sanctus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject; Translation: Holy; Notes: Highest sanctity.
  32. sanctorum — Lemma: sanctus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: genitive neuter plural; Function: partitive genitive; Translation: of Holies; Notes: Superlative construction.
  33. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: Declares status.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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