Leviticus 18:3

Posted on April 18, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 18:3 iuxta consuetudinem Terræ Ægypti, in qua habitastis, non facietis: et iuxta morem Regionis Chanaan, ad quam ego introducturus sum vos, non agetis, nec in legitimis eorum ambulabitis.

according to the custom of the land of Egypt, in which you lived, you shall not do; and according to the manner of the Region of Chanaan, to which I am bringing you, you shall not act, nor shall you walk in their statutes.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 iuxta according-to PREP+ACC
2 consuetudinem custom ACC.SG.F
3 Terræ land GEN.SG.F
4 Ægypti Egypt GEN.SG.INDECL
5 in in PREP+ABL
6 qua which ABL.SG.F.REL
7 habitastis you-lived 2PL.PERF.ACT.IND
8 non not ADV
9 facietis you-will-do 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
10 et and CONJ
11 iuxta according-to PREP+ACC
12 morem manner ACC.SG.M
13 Regionis region GEN.SG.F
14 Chanaan Canaan GEN.SG.INDECL
15 ad to PREP+ACC
16 quam which ACC.SG.F.REL
17 ego I NOM.SG.PRON.PERS
18 introducturus about-to-lead-in NOM.SG.M.PTCP.FUT.ACT
19 sum am 1SG.PRES.ACT.IND
20 vos you ACC.PL.PRON.PERS
21 non not ADV
22 agetis you-will-act 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
23 nec nor CONJ
24 in in PREP+ABL
25 legitimis statutes ABL.PL.N
26 eorum their GEN.PL.PRON.POSS
27 ambulabitis you-will-walk 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND

Syntax

Prepositional Standard 1: iuxta consuetudinem Terræ Ægypti — benchmark of prohibited practice
Relative Clause: in qua habitastis — prior dwelling context
Main Prohibition 1: non facietis — future legal prohibition
Prepositional Standard 2: iuxta morem Regionis Chanaan — second prohibited benchmark
Relative Destination Clause: ad quam ego introducturus sum vos — impending divine action
Main Prohibition 2: non agetis — reiterated ban
Correlative Negative: nec … ambulabitis — extension to conduct
Domain of Conduct: in legitimis eorum — sphere of forbidden statutes

Morphology

  1. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: standard of comparison; Translation: according to; Notes: Establishes behavioral benchmark.
  2. consuetudinem — Lemma: consuetudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine singular, third declension; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: custom; Notes: Habitual practice.
  3. Terræ — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive feminine singular, first declension; Function: genitive of description; Translation: of the land; Notes: Specifies location.
  4. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular indeclinable; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of Egypt; Notes: Former place of residence.
  5. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: Introduces relative clause setting.
  6. qua — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: object of in; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to the land.
  7. habitastis — Lemma: habito; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural perfect indicative active; Function: predicate of relative clause; Translation: you lived; Notes: Completed past residence.
  8. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Absolute prohibition.
  9. facietis — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural future indicative active; Function: main prohibition; Translation: you shall do; Notes: Legal future.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links parallel clauses.
  11. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: standard of comparison; Translation: according to; Notes: Introduces second benchmark.
  12. morem — Lemma: mos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular, third declension; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: manner; Notes: Cultural practice.
  13. Regionis — Lemma: regio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive feminine singular, third declension; Function: genitive of description; Translation: of the region; Notes: Territorial designation.
  14. Chanaan — Lemma: Chanaan; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular indeclinable; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of Canaan; Notes: Destination land.
  15. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: motion toward; Translation: to; Notes: Directional marker.
  16. quam — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to the region.
  17. ego — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: subject; Translation: I; Notes: Emphatic divine subject.
  18. introducturus — Lemma: introduco; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative masculine singular future active participle; Function: periphrastic future with sum; Translation: about to bring in; Notes: Expresses imminent intention.
  19. sum — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular present indicative active; Function: auxiliary; Translation: am; Notes: Forms the future periphrasis.
  20. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: direct object; Translation: you; Notes: Collective addressees.
  21. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Reiterates prohibition.
  22. agetis — Lemma: ago; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural future indicative active; Function: main prohibition; Translation: you shall act; Notes: Parallel to facietis.
  23. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: negative coordination; Translation: nor; Notes: Adds a further negative command.
  24. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: domain; Translation: in; Notes: Sphere of conduct.
  25. legitimis — Lemma: legitimum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: object of in; Translation: statutes; Notes: Established ordinances.
  26. eorum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive plural; Function: modifies legitimis; Translation: their; Notes: Refers to foreign peoples.
  27. ambulabitis — Lemma: ambulo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural future indicative active; Function: extended prohibition; Translation: you shall walk; Notes: Metaphor for conduct.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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