Numeri 1:34 (Numbers 1:34)

Posted on April 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 1:34 Porro filiorum Manasse per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum recensiti sunt per nomina singulorum a viginti annis et supra, omnes qui poterant ad bella procedere,

Moreover from the sons of Manasse according to generations and families and houses of their clans they were registered by the names of each one from twenty years and above, all who were able to proceed to wars,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Porro moreover ADV
2 filiorum sons GEN.PL.M
3 Manasse Manasseh INDECL
4 per according to PREP+ACC
5 generationes generations ACC.PL.F
6 et and CONJ
7 familias families ACC.PL.F
8 ac and also CONJ
9 domos houses ACC.PL.F
10 cognationum clans GEN.PL.F
11 suarum their GEN.PL.F.POSS
12 recensiti registered NOM.PL.M.PERF.PASS.PTCP
13 sunt they were 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
14 per by PREP+ACC
15 nomina names ACC.PL.N
16 singulorum of each one GEN.PL.M
17 a from PREP+ABL
18 viginti twenty NUM.INDECL
19 annis years ABL.PL.M
20 et and CONJ
21 supra above ADV
22 omnes all NOM.PL.M
23 qui who REL.NOM.PL.M
24 poterant were able 3PL.IMP.ACT.IND
25 ad to PREP+ACC
26 bella wars ACC.PL.N
27 procedere to proceed PRES.ACT.INF

Syntax

Introductory Adverb: Porro introduces a continuation of the census list, marking the transition to another tribe.

Genitive Identification: filiorum Manasse identifies the tribal group whose members are being counted.

Genealogical Classification: per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum expresses the administrative structure of the census, listing individuals by lineage divisions, families, and clan households.

Main Clause: recensiti sunt forms the perfect passive construction meaning “they were registered” or “they were counted.”

Enumeration Method: per nomina singulorum specifies that the census was conducted individually by name.

Age Qualification: a viginti annis et supra describes the age requirement beginning from twenty years and above.

Relative Clause: omnes qui poterant ad bella procedere defines the counted men as those capable of going out to war.

Morphology

  1. Porro — Lemma: porro; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces a new entry in the census narrative; Translation: moreover; Notes: Often used in Latin narrative to continue a sequence.
  2. filiorum — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine second declension; Function: dependent genitive identifying descent; Translation: sons; Notes: Expresses lineage belonging to Manasse.
  3. Manasse — Lemma: Manasse; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: specifies the patriarch of the tribe; Translation: Manasse; Notes: Latin form of the Hebrew tribal name Manasseh.
  4. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative case; Function: introduces classification; Translation: according to; Notes: Used for distribution across genealogical categories.
  5. generationes — Lemma: generatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine third declension; Function: object of per; Translation: generations; Notes: Refers to genealogical lineage groups.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links elements in the classification; Translation: and; Notes: Standard connective.
  7. familias — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine first declension; Function: object governed by per; Translation: families; Notes: Denotes smaller kinship divisions.
  8. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins closely related elements; Translation: and also; Notes: Stylistic variant of et.
  9. domos — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine fourth declension; Function: additional object of classification; Translation: houses; Notes: Refers to extended family households.
  10. cognationum — Lemma: cognatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine third declension; Function: modifies domos; Translation: of clans; Notes: Specifies kinship groups.
  11. suarum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: agrees with cognationum; Translation: their; Notes: Reflexive possession referring to the tribal group.
  12. recensiti — Lemma: recenseo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative plural masculine perfect passive participle; Function: forms the passive verbal phrase with sunt; Translation: registered; Notes: Indicates completion of the census enrollment.
  13. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: auxiliary verb completing the perfect passive; Translation: they were; Notes: Standard auxiliary used with passive participles.
  14. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative case; Function: introduces the method of enumeration; Translation: by; Notes: Indicates listing by individual names.
  15. nomina — Lemma: nomen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter third declension; Function: object of per; Translation: names; Notes: Indicates identification of individuals.
  16. singulorum — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies the implied persons counted; Translation: of each one; Notes: Emphasizes individual registration.
  17. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative case; Function: introduces the starting age; Translation: from; Notes: Used in expressions of age.
  18. viginti — Lemma: viginti; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: indeclinable cardinal numeral; Function: modifies annis; Translation: twenty; Notes: Specifies the age threshold.
  19. annis — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine second declension; Function: object of a; Translation: years; Notes: Expresses age in plural form.
  20. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: connects the age phrase with the adverb supra; Translation: and; Notes: Marks continuation beyond the specified age.
  21. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies the age expression; Translation: above; Notes: Indicates ages beyond the minimum.
  22. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: all; Notes: Refers to all eligible men.
  23. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: introduces the relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers back to the eligible men.
  24. poterant — Lemma: possum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect active indicative; Function: main verb of the relative clause; Translation: were able; Notes: Indicates capability or eligibility.
  25. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative case; Function: expresses direction or purpose; Translation: to; Notes: Introduces the infinitive phrase.
  26. bella — Lemma: bellum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter second declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: wars; Notes: Refers to military campaigns.
  27. procedere — Lemma: procedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive with poterant; Translation: to proceed; Notes: Describes going forth to battle.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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