Leviticus 22:6

Posted on April 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 22:6 immundus erit usque ad vesperum, et non vescetur his quæ sanctificata sunt: sed cum laverit carnem suam aqua,

he shall be unclean until evening, and he shall not eat of the things which have been sanctified; but when he has washed his flesh with water,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 immundus unclean NOM.SG.M.ADJ
2 erit will be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
3 usque until ADV
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 vesperum evening ACC.SG.M
6 et and CONJ
7 non not ADV
8 vescetur will eat 3SG.FUT.DEP.IND
9 his these things ABL.PL.N.DEM
10 quæ which NOM.PL.N.REL
11 sanctificata sanctified PERF.PTCP.PASS.NOM.PL.N
12 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
13 sed but CONJ
14 cum when CONJ
15 laverit has washed 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
16 carnem flesh ACC.SG.F
17 suam his own ACC.SG.F.POSS
18 aqua with water ABL.SG.F

Syntax

Main Result Clause: immundus erit — legal state declared
Temporal Limit: usque ad vesperum — duration of impurity

Negative Consequence: et non vescetur — prohibition of consumption
Partitive Object: his quæ sanctificata sunt — sacred items withheld

Adversative Clause: sed cum laverit — transition to restoration condition
Direct Object: carnem suam
Means: aqua

Morphology

  1. immundus — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: “unclean”; Notes: Ritual state barring access to holy things.
  2. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: states resulting condition; Translation: “will be”; Notes: Expresses duration-bound legal status.
  3. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: intensifies the temporal limit; Translation: “until”; Notes: Common with ad for endpoints.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: marks endpoint; Translation: “to”; Notes: Specifies temporal goal.
  5. vesperum — Lemma: vesper; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: “evening”; Notes: Evening marks the ritual transition point.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: joins consequences; Translation: “and”; Notes: Maintains parallel structure.
  7. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates the verb; Translation: “not”; Notes: Governs the prohibition.
  8. vescetur — Lemma: vescor; Part of Speech: Verb (deponent); Form: third person singular future indicative; Function: states restricted action; Translation: “will eat”; Notes: Deponent with active meaning.
  9. his — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: object of partitive construction; Translation: “these things”; Notes: Refers to sacred portions.
  10. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter plural; Function: introduces descriptive clause; Translation: “which”; Notes: Agrees with his.
  11. sanctificata — Lemma: sanctifico; Part of Speech: Verb (participle); Form: perfect passive participle nominative neuter plural; Function: describes sacred status; Translation: “sanctified”; Notes: Indicates consecration to God.
  12. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: completes the passive phrase; Translation: “are”; Notes: Copular support.
  13. sed — Lemma: sed; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces contrast; Translation: “but”; Notes: Signals shift from restriction to remedy.
  14. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: “when”; Notes: Requires subjunctive verb.
  15. laverit — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: states prerequisite action; Translation: “has washed”; Notes: Perfect subjunctive expresses completed condition.
  16. carnem — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object of laverit; Translation: “flesh”; Notes: Refers to the physical body.
  17. suam — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: modifies carnem; Translation: “his own”; Notes: Reflexive possession.
  18. aqua — Lemma: aqua; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: ablative of means; Translation: “with water”; Notes: Ritual cleansing medium.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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