Leviticus 22:12

Posted on April 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 22:12 Si filia sacerdotis cuilibet ex populo nupta fuerit: de his quæ sanctificata sunt, et de primitiis non vescetur.

If a priest’s daughter has been married to anyone from the people, she shall not eat of the holy things nor of the firstfruits.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Si if CONJ
2 filia daughter NOM.SG.F
3 sacerdotis of a priest GEN.SG.M
4 cuilibet to anyone DAT.SG.M.INDEF
5 ex from PREP+ABL
6 populo the people ABL.SG.M
7 nupta having been married PERF.PTCP.PASS.NOM.SG.F
8 fuerit has been 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
9 de of PREP+ABL
10 his these things ABL.PL.N.DEM
11 quæ which NOM.PL.N.REL
12 sanctificata sanctified PERF.PTCP.PASS.NOM.PL.N
13 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
14 et and CONJ
15 de of PREP+ABL
16 primitiis firstfruits ABL.PL.F
17 non not ADV
18 vescetur she will eat 3SG.FUT.DEP.IND

Syntax

Conditional Clause: Si filia sacerdotis … nupta fuerit — condition defined by marriage outside the priestly house.
Dative of Relationship: cuilibet ex populo — marriage to a non-priestly member of the people.

Main Result: non vescetur — exclusion stated with future indicative.
Partitive Phrases: de his quæ sanctificata sunt + de primitiis — sacred foods denied.

Morphology

  1. Si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces a real conditional clause; Translation: “if”; Notes: Sets a legal condition whose fulfillment triggers the result.
  2. filia — Lemma: filia; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: subject of the conditional clause; Translation: “daughter”; Notes: Specifies female offspring within a priestly family.
  3. sacerdotis — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies filia; Translation: “of a priest”; Notes: Establishes priestly lineage.
  4. cuilibet — Lemma: quilibet; Part of Speech: Indefinite pronoun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: indirect object with nupta; Translation: “to anyone”; Notes: Emphasizes lack of priestly restriction in the marriage partner.
  5. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: indicates origin; Translation: “from”; Notes: Specifies membership outside the priestly class.
  6. populo — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: object of ex; Translation: “the people”; Notes: Refers to the general Israelite population.
  7. nupta — Lemma: nubo; Part of Speech: Verb (participle); Form: perfect passive participle nominative feminine singular; Function: predicate participle describing marital status; Translation: “having been married”; Notes: Feminine form regularly used for the bride.
  8. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: completes the conditional clause; Translation: “has been”; Notes: Subjunctive appropriate in conditional protasis.
  9. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: partitive relation; Translation: “of”; Notes: Introduces the sacred items denied.
  10. his — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: object of de; Translation: “these things”; Notes: Refers to priestly holy portions.
  11. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter plural; Function: introduces descriptive clause; Translation: “which”; Notes: Agrees with his.
  12. sanctificata — Lemma: sanctifico; Part of Speech: Verb (participle); Form: perfect passive participle nominative neuter plural; Function: describes sacred status; Translation: “sanctified”; Notes: Indicates dedication to God.
  13. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: completes the passive construction; Translation: “are”; Notes: Copular support.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates objects; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links two excluded food categories.
  15. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: partitive relation; Translation: “of”; Notes: Repeated for clarity.
  16. primitiis — Lemma: primitiæ; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: object of de; Translation: “firstfruits”; Notes: Especially sacred offerings reserved for priestly use.
  17. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates the verb; Translation: “not”; Notes: Expresses categorical exclusion.
  18. vescetur — Lemma: vescor; Part of Speech: Verb (deponent); Form: third person singular future indicative; Function: states prohibited action; Translation: “she will eat”; Notes: Deponent verb with active meaning used normatively.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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